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blattella germanica

Profile

Order Family Common Name(s) Group Host
blattodea blattellidae german cockroach MED

Shown Resistance to Active Ingredient(s)

  1. abamectin (#2)
  2. acephate
  3. aldrin (#7)
  4. allethrin (#4)
  5. bendiocarb (#8)
  6. BHC/cyclodienes - Unspecified In Literature (#12)
  7. bifenthrin (#8)
  8. Carbamates - Unspecified in Literature (#2)
  9. chlordane (#15)
  10. chlorpyrifos (#20)
  11. chlorpyrifos-methyl (#3)
  12. clothianidin
  13. cyfluthrin (#2)
  14. cyhalothrin
  15. cyhalothrin-lambda (#5)
  16. cypermethrin (#24)
  17. DDT (#13)
  18. deltamethrin (#30)
  19. diazinon (#7)
  20. dieldrin (#9)
  21. dioxacarb (#2)
  22. esfenvalerate (#10)
  23. etofenprox
  24. fenthion (#9)
  25. fenvalerate (#4)
  26. fipronil (#10)
  27. hydramethylnon
  28. imidacloprid (#5)
  29. indoxacarb
  30. lindane (#4)
  31. malathion (#17)
  32. Organophosphates - Unspecified In Literature
  33. parathion
  34. permethrin (#19)
  35. phenothrin (#3)
  36. pirimiphos-methyl (#7)
  37. propetamphos
  38. propoxur (#12)
  39. pyrethrins (#8)
  40. Pyrethroids - Unspecified In Literature (#2)
  41. resmethrin
  42. tau-fluvalinate
  43. tetramethrin (#3)
  44. tralomethrin
  45. trichlorfon

Citation(s) of Resistance

# Citation
1 Siegfried, B.D., J.G. Scott, R.T. Roush, and B.C. Zeichner. (1990). Biochemistry and Genetics of Chlorpyrifos Resistance in the German Cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 38 110-121.
2 Lee, C.Y., H.H. Yap, and N.L. Chong. (1996). Insecticide resistance and synergism in field collected german cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 86 675-682.
3 Wen, Z. and J.G. Scott. (1997). Cross-Resistance to Imidacloprid in strains of german cockroach (Blattella germanica) and House Fly (Musca domestica). Pesticide Science, 49 367-371.
4 Scharf, M.E., W. Kaakeh, and G.W. Bennett. (1997). Changes in an Insecticide Resistant Field Population of German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) After Exposure to an Insecticide Mixture. Journal of Economic Entomology, 90(1) 38-48.
5 Cochran, D.G. (1994). Effects of Three Synergists on Pyrethroid Resistance in the German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 87(4) 879-884.
6 Cochran, D.G. (1994). Abamectin Resistance Potential in the German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 87(4) 899-903.
7 Hemingway, J., G.J. Small, and A.G. Monro. (1993). Possible Mechanisms of Organophosphorus and Carbanate Insecticide Resistance in German Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from different geographical areas. Journal of Economic Entomology, 86(6) 1623-1630.
8 Rust, M.K., D.A. Reierson, and B.C. Zeichner. (1993). Relationship Between Insecticide Resistance and Performance in Choice Tests of Field-Collected German Cockroaches (Dictyoptera:Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 86(4) 1124-1130.
9 Prabhakaran, S.K., and S.T. Kamble. (1993). Activity and Electrophoretic Characterization of Esterases in Insecticide Resistant and Susceptible Strains of german Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 86(4) 1009-1013.
10 Valles, S.M., and S.J. Yu. (1996). Detection and Biochemical characterization of insecticide resistance in the german cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 89(1) 21-26.
11 Zhai, J., and W.H. Robinson. (1992). Measuring Cypermethrin Resistance in the German Cockroach (Orthoptera: Blattelidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 85(2) 348-351.
12 Rust, M.K., and D.A. Reierson. (1991). Chlorpyrifos Resistance in German Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blatellidae) from restaurants. Journal of Economic Entomology, 84(3) 736-740.
13 Atkinson, T.H., R.W. Wadleigh, P.G. Koehler, and R.S. Patterson. (1991). Pyrethroid Resistance and Synergism in a field strain of the German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 84(4) 1247-1250.
14 Umeda, K. T. Yano, and M. Hirano. (1988). Pyrethroid Resistance Mechanism in German Cockroach, Blatella germanica (Orthoptera:Blattellidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 23(4) 373-380.
15 Diaz, C., M.G. Perez, E. Calco, M.M. Rodriguez, and J.A. Bisset. (2000). Insecticide Resistance Studies on Blatella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blatellidae) from Cuba. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 916 628-634.
16 Holbrook, G.L, J. Roebuck, C.B. Moore, M.G. Waldvogel, and C. Schal. (2003). Origin and Extent of Resistance to Fipronel in the German Cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 96(5) 1548-1558.
17 Hansen, K.K., Kristensen, M., Jensen, K.M.V. (2005). Correlation of a resistance-associated Rdl mutation in the German cockroach, Blatella germanica (L), with persistent dieldrin resistance in two Danish field populations. Pest Management Science, 61 749-753.
18 Kristensen, M., Hansen, K.K., Jensen, K.M.V. (2005). Cross-Resistance Between Dieldrin and Fipronil in German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattelidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 98(4) 1305-1310.
19 Grayson, J. M. (1961). Resistance to diazinon in the German cockroach.. Bull. Wld. Hlth. Org., 24 563-65.
20 Grayson, J. M. (1965). Resistance to three organophosphorus insecticides in strains of the German cockroach from Texas.. J. Econ. Entomol., 58 956-58.
21 Green, A.A. (1965). In: FAO 1967.
22 Green, A. A., Kane, J. and Tyler, P. S. (1961). Field experiments on the control of dieldrin-resistant cockroaches.. Sanitarian., 70 3-7.
23 Barson, G. and Renn, N. (1983). Laboratory assessment of resistance to commercial insecticide formulations in two strains of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) Bull.. Ent. Res., 73 491-99.
24 Batth, S. S. (1977). A survey of Canadian populations of the German cockroach for resistance to insecticides.. Can. Entomol., 109 49-52.
25 Bennet, G. W., and Spink, W. T. (1968). Insecticide resistance of German cockroaches from various areas of Louisana.. J. Econ. Entomol., 61 426-31.
26 Brown, A. W. A. and Wambera, E. (1961). In: Brown 1971.
27 Brown, A. W. A. (1971). Pest resistance to pesticides.. In: ""Pesticides in the Enviroment,"" ed. White-Stevens,, 1 457-552.
28 Cochran, D.G. (1973). Inheritance and linkage of pyrethrins resistance in the German cockroach.. J. Econ. Entomol., 66 27-30.
29 Cochran, D.G. (1987). Effects of synergists on bendiocarb and pyrethrins resistance in the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattelidae).. J. Econ. Entomol., 80 728-732.
30 Cochran, D.G. (1988). Unpubl. Data.
31 Davis, D.W. (1974). Communication to FAO.
32 (1967). Report of the First Session of the FAO Working Party of Experts on Resistance of Pests to Pesticides.. FAO, Rome 1965.
33 (1969). Report of the Fourth Session of the FAO Working Party of Experts on Resistance of Pests to Pesticides.. FAO, Rome 1968.
34 Gradidge, J. M. G. (1960). Resistance of Blattella germanica to dieldrin.. Pest Technol., 2 229.
35 Hely, P.C. (1965). In: FAO 1967.
36 Henderson, F.C. (1965). In: FAO 1967.
37 Hirakoso, S. (1962). A record of colony of German cockroach resistant to lindane and dieldrin in Japan.. Jpn. J. Exp. Med., 32 207-10.
38 Hooper, G. H. S. and Goward, J. L. (1968). Resistance to insecticides in some Australian populations of Blattella germanica.. Univ. Queensl. Pap., Dept. Entomol. Vol. 2, No. 5.
39 Hooper, G.H.S. (1968). In: FAO 1969.
40 Hooper, G. H. S. (1969). Toxicology an dphysiology of DDT resistance in the German cockroach.. J. Econ. Entomol., 62 846-49.
41 Ishii, T. and Sherman, M. (1965). Resistance of a Hawaiian strain of the German cockroach to several insecticides.. J. Econ. Entomol., 58 46-50.
42 Johnson, C. W. and Young, W. W. (1971). Insecticide resistance in natural populations of German cockroaches from the 3rd army area.. J. Econ. Entomol., 64 450-51.
43 Keiding, J. (1964). Resistance to dieldrin in cockroach.. Gov. Pest. Infest. Lab. Annu. Rep. (Denmark)., 63 44.
44 Keller, J. C., Clark, P. H. and Lofgren, C. S. (1956). Susceptibility of insecticide-resistant cockroaches to pyrethrins.. Pest Control., 24 14-15.
45 Kirakoso. (1962).
46 Knutson, H. (1968). In: FAO 1969.
47 Ledvinka, J., Rupes, V. and Tomasek, L. (1984). Current resistance of Blattella germanica to insecticides in western Bohemia (Czecholovakia).. Acta Ent. Bohemoslov., 81 171-77.
48 Markkula, M. and Kurppa, S. (1985). Resistance of insects and mites to pesticides in Finland.. Ann. Agric. Fenn., 24 161-174.
49 Micks, D. W. (1960). Insecticide resistance -- A review of developments in 1958 and 1959.. Bull. WHO, 22 519-29.
50 Milio, J. F., Koehler, P. G. and Patterson, R. S. (1987). Evaluation of three methods for detecting chlorpyrifos resistance in German cockroach (Orthoptera: Blattellidae) populations.. J. Econ. Entomol., 80 44-46.
51 Omardeen, T. A. (1959). In: Grayson, J.. M. 1966.
52 Privora, M. (1972). Susceptibility of Blattella germanica (L.) and Blatta orientalis L.. to insecticides in Czeckoslovakia. Epidem. Mikrobiol. Immun., 21 113-18.
53 Reierson, D. A., Rust, M. K., Slater, A. J. and Slater, T. A. M. (1988). Insecticide resistance affects cockroach control.. California Agriculture, 42(5) 18-20.
54 Rust, M. K. and Reierson, D. A. (1978). Comparason of the laboratory and field efficacy of insecticides used for German cockroach control.. J. Econ. Entomol., 71 704-708.
55 Smirnova, A. S., Levi, M. I., Niyazova, M. V., Kapanadze, E. I., Bromberg, A. I., Zagroba, V. I., Bodylina, A. A., Kuznetsova, R. M., Lautsin, A. M. and Kurkina, I. A. (1979). Resistance of some common cockroach Blattella germanica subpopulations to neopynamin and other insecticides.. Med. Parazitol Parazit. Bolezni., 48 60-66.
56 Vance 1983. (1983).
57 Webb, J. E., Jr. (1961). Resistance of some species of cockroaches to organic insecticides in Germany and France, 1956-59.. J. Econ. Entomol., 54 805-06.
58 WHO 1980. (1980).
59 WHO 1986. (1986).
60 Anon. (1962). Army Environ.. Hlth. Agency. In: Brown 1971..
61 Cochran, D. G. (1973). Inheritance of malathion resistance in the German cockroach.. Ent. Exp. Appl., 16 83-90.
62 Cochran 1988b. (1988).
63 Heal, R. E., Nash, K. B. and Williams, M. (1953). An insecticide-resistant strain of the German cockroach from Corpus Christi, Texas.. J. Econ. Entomol., 46 385-87.
64 Cochran 1986b. (1974).
65 Wang, Changlu, Scharf, Michael E., and Bennett, Gary W. (2004). Behavioral and Physiological Resistance of German Cockroach to Gel baits (Blattodea: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 97(6) 2067-2072.
66 Limoee, M., Enayati, A.A., Khassi, K., Salimi, M., and Ladonni, H. (2011). Insecticide resistance and synergism of three field-collected strains of the German cockroach Blattella Germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from hospitals in Kermanshah, Iran . Tropical Biomedicine, 28 111-118.
67 Chang, K.S., Shin, E. H., Jung, J.S., Park, C., and Ahn, Y. (2010). Monitoring for insecticide resistance in field-collected populations of Blattella germanica (Blatteria: Blattellidae). Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 13 309-312.
68 Hou, W., Jiang, C., Zhou, X., Qian, K., Wang, L., Shen, Y., and Zhao, Y. (2016). Increased Expression of P-Glycoprotein Is Associated With Chlorpyrifos Resistance in the German Cockroach (Blattodea: Blattellidae). Insecticide Resistance and Resistance Management, 109(6) 2500-2505.
69 Wu, X., and Appel, A. (2017). Insecticide Resistance of Several Field-Collected German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) Strains. Journal of Economic Entomology, 110(3) 1203-1209.
70 Jang, C., Ju, Y., and Chang, K. (2017). Insecticide Susceptibility of Field-collected Blattella germanica (Blattaria: Blattalidae) in Busan, Republic of Korea during 2014. Entomological Research, 47 243-247.
71 Mengoni, S. L., and Alzoragay, R. A. (2018). Deltamethrin-resistant German Cockroaches Are Less Sensitive to the Insect Repellents DEET and IR3535 than Non-resistant Individuals. Journal of Economic Entomology, 111 836-843.
72 Shao-Hung Lee, Dong-Hwan Choe, Michael K Rust, and Chow-Yang Lee. (2022). Reduced Susceptibility Towards Commercial Bait Insecticides in Field German Cockroach (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) Populations From California. Journal of Economic Entomology, 115.
73 Scharf, M. E., Wolfe, Z. M., Raje, K. R., Fardisi, M., Thimmapuram, J., Bhide, K., and Gondhalekar, A. D. (2022). Transcriptome Responses to Defined Insecticide Selection Pressures in the German Cockroach (Blattella germanica L.). Frontiers in Physiology.
74 Tisgratog, R., Panyafeang, C., Lee, S. H., Rust, M. K., & Lee, C. Y. (2023). Insecticide resistance and its potential mechanisms in field-collected German cockroaches (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) from Thailand.. Journal of economic entomology, 116.

Location(s) Where Resistance is Reported

# Location
1 10 -- Bahamas -- 4
2 25 -- Canada -- 4
3 34 -- Cuba -- 4
4 36 -- Czechoslovakia -- 4
5 38 -- Denmark -- 4
6 42 -- Dubai -- 4
7 52 -- Finland -- 4
8 53 -- France -- 4
9 57 -- Germany -- 4
10 79 -- Japan -- 4
11 90 -- Malaysia -- 4
12 102 -- New Guinea -- 4
13 110 -- Panama -- 4
14 114 -- Poland -- 4
15 116 -- Puerto Rico -- 4
16 147 -- Trinidad -- 4
17 154 -- United Kingdom -- 4
18 157 -- USA -- 4
19 158 -- USSR -- 4
20 169 -- USA -- Nebraska -- 4
21 171 -- USA -- Georgia -- Ashburn -- 4
22 172 -- USA -- Indiana -- 4
23 175 -- USA -- Louisiana -- 4
24 177 -- USA -- Hawaii -- 4
25 179 -- USA -- Florida -- 4
26 181 -- USA -- Texas -- 4
27 182 -- USA -- California -- 4
28 191 -- USA -- Virginia -- 4
29 195 -- USA -- North Carolina -- 4
30 198 -- Australia -- Queensland -- 4
31 199 -- Australia -- New South Wales -- 4
32 201 -- USA -- Alabama -- 4
33 203 -- USA -- South Carolina -- 4
34 207 -- USA -- Utah -- 4
35 232 -- USA -- Kansas -- 4
36 246 -- USA -- Kentucky -- 4
37 247 -- USA -- Colorado -- 4
38 249 -- USA -- Tennessee -- 4
39 294 -- Cuba -- Centro Habana -- 4
40 295 -- Cuba -- Distric Abel Santamaria -- 4
41 296 -- Cuba -- Playa -- 4
42 300 -- Cuba -- District 26 de Julio -- 4
43 301 -- Cuba -- Bayamo -- 4
44 324 -- Cuba -- Habana Vieja -- 4
45 325 -- Cuba -- Marianao -- 4
46 326 -- Cuba -- Miramar -- 4
47 328 -- Cuba -- District Abel Santamaria -- 4
48 329 -- Cuba -- Plaza -- 4
49 540 -- USA -- North Carolina -- Cental, southeaster, northeastern -- 4
50 763 -- Denmark -- Copenhagen -- 4
51 926 -- USA -- Ohio -- Cincinnati -- 4
52 4259 -- Iran -- Kermanshah Province -- Kermanshah -- 4
53 11794 -- South Korea -- Incheon -- 4
54 11795 -- South Korea -- Incheon -- 4
55 11796 -- South Korea -- Incheon -- 4
56 11797 -- South Korea -- Incheon -- 4
57 11798 -- South Korea -- Incheon -- 4
58 11799 -- South Korea -- Incheon -- 4
59 11800 -- South Korea -- Gangwon -- Donghae -- 4
60 11801 -- South Korea -- Gangwon -- Donghae -- 4
61 11802 -- South Korea -- Gangwon -- Donghae -- 4
62 11803 -- South Korea -- Gangwon -- Donghae -- 4
63 11804 -- South Korea -- Gangwon -- Donghae -- 4
64 11805 -- South Korea -- Gangwon -- Donghae -- 4
65 11806 -- South Korea -- Chungnam -- Cheonan -- 4
66 11807 -- South Korea -- Chungnam -- Cheonan -- 4
67 11808 -- South Korea -- Chungnam -- Cheonan -- 4
68 11809 -- South Korea -- Chungnam -- Cheonan -- 4
69 11810 -- South Korea -- Chungnam -- Cheonan -- 4
70 11811 -- South Korea -- Chungnam -- Cheonan -- 4
71 11812 -- South Korea -- Daegu -- 4
72 11813 -- South Korea -- Daegu -- 4
73 11814 -- South Korea -- Daegu -- 4
74 11815 -- South Korea -- Daegu -- 4
75 11816 -- South Korea -- Daegu -- 4
76 11817 -- South Korea -- Daegu -- 4
77 11818 -- South Korea -- Busan -- 4
78 11819 -- South Korea -- Busan -- 4
79 11820 -- South Korea -- Busan -- 4
80 11821 -- South Korea -- Busan -- 4
81 11822 -- South Korea -- Busan -- 4
82 11823 -- South Korea -- Busan -- 4
83 11824 -- South Korea -- Jeonbuk -- Gunsan -- 4
84 11825 -- South Korea -- Jeonbuk -- Gunsan -- 4
85 11826 -- South Korea -- Jeonbuk -- Gunsan -- 4
86 11827 -- South Korea -- Jeonbuk -- Gunsan -- 4
87 11828 -- South Korea -- Jeonbuk -- Gunsan -- 4
88 11829 -- South Korea -- Jeonbuk -- Gunsan -- 4
89 11830 -- South Korea -- Gwangju -- 4
90 11831 -- South Korea -- Gwangju -- 4
91 11832 -- South Korea -- Gwangju -- 4
92 11833 -- South Korea -- Gwangju -- 4
93 11834 -- South Korea -- Gwangju -- 4
94 11835 -- South Korea -- Gwangju -- 4
95 12100 -- China -- Beijing -- 4
96 12293 -- USA -- North Carolina -- Franklin County -- 4
97 12294 -- USA -- North Carolina -- Franklin County -- 4
98 12295 -- USA -- North Carolina -- Franklin County -- 4
99 12296 -- USA -- North Carolina -- Franklin County -- 4
100 12297 -- South Korea -- Busan -- 4
101 12298 -- South Korea -- Busan -- 4
102 12299 -- South Korea -- Busan -- 4
103 12300 -- South Korea -- Busan -- 4
104 12301 -- South Korea -- Busan -- 4
105 12302 -- South Korea -- Busan -- 4
106 12303 -- South Korea -- Busan -- 4
107 12304 -- South Korea -- Busan -- 4
108 12305 -- South Korea -- Busan -- 4
109 12306 -- South Korea -- Busan -- 4
110 12307 -- South Korea -- Busan -- 4
111 12439 -- Argentina -- Buenos Aires -- Junin -- 4
112 12440 -- Argentina -- Buenos Aires -- Villa Gesell -- 4
113 13933 -- USA -- California -- 4
114 13934 -- USA -- California -- San Jose -- 4
115 14038 -- USA -- Florida -- 4
116 14724 -- Thailand -- Pathumwan -- 4
117 14725 -- Thailand -- Rattanathibet -- Nonthaburi -- Restaurant -- 4
118 14726 -- Thailand -- Nonthaburi -- Muangthong Thani -- Hotel kitchen -- 4
119 14727 -- Thailand -- Nonthaburi -- Muangthong Thani -- Restaurant in shopping center -- 4
120 14728 -- Thailand -- Bangkok -- Thonglor -- Restaurant kitchen -- 4
121 14729 -- Thailand -- Ayutthaya -- Phra Nakhon Si -- Grocery shop -- 4
122 14730 -- Thailand -- Samut Prakan -- Phra Nakhon Si -- Restaurant kitchen -- 4
123 14731 -- Thailand -- Bangkok -- Pathumwan -- Office building -- 4
124 14732 -- Thailand -- Nonthaburi -- Muangthong Thani -- Hotel kitchen -- 4
125 14733 -- Thailand -- Nonthaburi -- Muangthong Thani -- Restaurant in shopping center -- 4
126 14734 -- Thailand -- Samut Prakan -- Muangthong Thani -- Restaurant kitchen -- 4
127 14735 -- Thailand -- Bangkok -- Pathumwan -- Office building -- 4
128 14736 -- Thailand -- Nonthaburi -- Rattanathibet -- Restaurant -- 4
129 14737 -- Thailand -- Nonthaburi -- Muangthong Thani -- Hotel kitchen -- 4
130 14738 -- Thailand -- Nonthaburi -- Muangthong Thani -- Restaurant in shopping center -- 4
131 14739 -- Thailand -- Bangkok -- Thonglor -- Restaurant kitchen -- 4
132 14740 -- Thailand -- Samut Prakan -- -- Restaurant kitchen -- 4

Other Reference

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