Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: anopheles gambiae

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
diptera	culicidae	african malaria mosquito	MED

Active Ingredient: deltamethrin

MOA: Sodium channel modulators, Pyrethroids, Pyrethrins, DDT
Group: PYR	CAS #: 52918635	Shaugnessy Code: 97805

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G17413	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Zambia-- Copperbelt-- Mufulira	Thomsen, E.K., Strode, C., Hemmings, K., Hughes, A.J., Chanda, E., Musapa, M., Kamuliwo, M., Phiri, F.N., Muzia, L., Chanda, J., Kandyata, A., Chirwa, B., Poer, K., Hemingway, J., Wondji, C.S., Ranson, H., and Coleman, M. (2014). Underpinning Sustainable Vector Control through Informed Insecticide Resistance Management. PLOSone, 9(6) e99822.
G19510	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Ghana-- Ahanta West-- Agona Nkwanta	Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19505	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Ghana-- Nzema East-- Axim	Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19500	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Ghana-- Sissala East-- Tumu	Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19495	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Ghana-- Talensi-Nabdam-- Tongo	Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19490	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Ghana-- Builsa-- Sandema	Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19485	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Ghana-- Kassena-Nankana-- Navrongo	Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19477	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Ghana-- Bongo-- Bongo	Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19472	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Ghana-- Bolgatanga-- Bolgatanga	Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G17412	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Zambia-- Copperbelt-- Masaiti	Thomsen, E.K., Strode, C., Hemmings, K., Hughes, A.J., Chanda, E., Musapa, M., Kamuliwo, M., Phiri, F.N., Muzia, L., Chanda, J., Kandyata, A., Chirwa, B., Poer, K., Hemingway, J., Wondji, C.S., Ranson, H., and Coleman, M. (2014). Underpinning Sustainable Vector Control through Informed Insecticide Resistance Management. PLOSone, 9(6) e99822.
G17410	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Zambia-- Copperbelt-- Chililabobwe	Thomsen, E.K., Strode, C., Hemmings, K., Hughes, A.J., Chanda, E., Musapa, M., Kamuliwo, M., Phiri, F.N., Muzia, L., Chanda, J., Kandyata, A., Chirwa, B., Poer, K., Hemingway, J., Wondji, C.S., Ranson, H., and Coleman, M. (2014). Underpinning Sustainable Vector Control through Informed Insecticide Resistance Management. PLOSone, 9(6) e99822.
G17380	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Zambia-- Copperbelt-- Ndola	Thomsen, E.K., Strode, C., Hemmings, K., Hughes, A.J., Chanda, E., Musapa, M., Kamuliwo, M., Phiri, F.N., Muzia, L., Chanda, J., Kandyata, A., Chirwa, B., Poer, K., Hemingway, J., Wondji, C.S., Ranson, H., and Coleman, M. (2014). Underpinning Sustainable Vector Control through Informed Insecticide Resistance Management. PLOSone, 9(6) e99822.
G17379	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Zambia-- Copperbelt-- Luanshya	Thomsen, E.K., Strode, C., Hemmings, K., Hughes, A.J., Chanda, E., Musapa, M., Kamuliwo, M., Phiri, F.N., Muzia, L., Chanda, J., Kandyata, A., Chirwa, B., Poer, K., Hemingway, J., Wondji, C.S., Ranson, H., and Coleman, M. (2014). Underpinning Sustainable Vector Control through Informed Insecticide Resistance Management. PLOSone, 9(6) e99822.
G17381	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Zambia-- Northern-- Kasama	Thomsen, E.K., Strode, C., Hemmings, K., Hughes, A.J., Chanda, E., Musapa, M., Kamuliwo, M., Phiri, F.N., Muzia, L., Chanda, J., Kandyata, A., Chirwa, B., Poer, K., Hemingway, J., Wondji, C.S., Ranson, H., and Coleman, M. (2014). Underpinning Sustainable Vector Control through Informed Insecticide Resistance Management. PLOSone, 9(6) e99822.
G18277	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Mali-- Mopti-- Badiangara	Cisse, M., Keita, C., Dicko, A., Dengela, D., Coleman, J., Lucas, B., Mihigo, J., Sadou, A., Belemvire, A., George, K., Fornadel, C., and Beach, R. (2015). Characterizing the insecticide resistance of Anopheles gambiae in Mali. Malaria Journal, 14.
G18278	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Mali-- Mopti-- Bankass	Cisse, M., Keita, C., Dicko, A., Dengela, D., Coleman, J., Lucas, B., Mihigo, J., Sadou, A., Belemvire, A., George, K., Fornadel, C., and Beach, R. (2015). Characterizing the insecticide resistance of Anopheles gambiae in Mali. Malaria Journal, 14.
G18279	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Mali-- Mopti-- Djenne	Cisse, M., Keita, C., Dicko, A., Dengela, D., Coleman, J., Lucas, B., Mihigo, J., Sadou, A., Belemvire, A., George, K., Fornadel, C., and Beach, R. (2015). Characterizing the insecticide resistance of Anopheles gambiae in Mali. Malaria Journal, 14.
G15895	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Benin-- Kandi	Aizoun, N., Aikpon, R., Padonou, G. G., Oussou, O., Oke-Agbo, F., Gnanguenon, V., Osse, R., and Akogbeto, M. (2013). Mixed-function oxidases and esterases associated with permethrin, deltamethrin and bendiocarb resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in the south-north transect Benin, West Africa. Parasites and Vectors, 6 223.
G17378	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Zambia-- Copperbelt-- Kitwe	Thomsen, E.K., Strode, C., Hemmings, K., Hughes, A.J., Chanda, E., Musapa, M., Kamuliwo, M., Phiri, F.N., Muzia, L., Chanda, J., Kandyata, A., Chirwa, B., Poer, K., Hemingway, J., Wondji, C.S., Ranson, H., and Coleman, M. (2014). Underpinning Sustainable Vector Control through Informed Insecticide Resistance Management. PLOSone, 9(6) e99822.
G15890	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Tanzania-- Kagera Region-- Kishuro	Protopopoff, N., Matowo, J., Malima, R., Kavishe, R., Kaaya, R., Wright, A., West, P. A., Kleinschmidt, I., Kisinza, W., Mosha, F. W., and Rowland, M. (2013). High level of resistance in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae to pyrethroid insecticides and reduced susceptibility to bendiocarb in north-western Tanzania. Malaria Journal, 12 149.
G15891	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Tanzania-- Kagera Region-- Kyamyorwa	Protopopoff, N., Matowo, J., Malima, R., Kavishe, R., Kaaya, R., Wright, A., West, P. A., Kleinschmidt, I., Kisinza, W., Mosha, F. W., and Rowland, M. (2013). High level of resistance in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae to pyrethroid insecticides and reduced susceptibility to bendiocarb in north-western Tanzania. Malaria Journal, 12 149.
G15999	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Tanzania-- Dar es Salaam-- Temeke	Nkya, T., Akhouayri, I., Poupardin, R., Batengana, B., Mosha, F., Magesa, S., Kisina, W., and David, J. (2014). Insecticide resistance mechanisms associated with different environments in the malaria vector Anophales gambiae: a case study in Tanzania. Malaria Journal, 13.
G16060	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Tanzania-- Dar es Salaam-- Kinondoni	Nkya, T., Akhouayri, I., Poupardin, R., Batengana, B., Mosha, F., Magesa, S., Kisina, W., and David, J. (2014). Insecticide resistance mechanisms associated with different environments in the malaria vector Anophales gambiae: a case study in Tanzania. Malaria Journal, 13.
G16061	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Tanzania-- Hai-- Kikafu	Nkya, T., Akhouayri, I., Poupardin, R., Batengana, B., Mosha, F., Magesa, S., Kisina, W., and David, J. (2014). Insecticide resistance mechanisms associated with different environments in the malaria vector Anophales gambiae: a case study in Tanzania. Malaria Journal, 13.
G17152	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	West Africa-- Benin-- Dangbo	Aizoun, N., Azondekon, R., and Akogbeto, M. (2014). Does the dynamic of insecticide resistance affect the results of susceptibility tests?. International Journal of Current Micobiology and Applied Sciences, 3(10) 885-892.
G18623	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Togo-- Kovie	Ahadji-Dabla, K. M., Ketoh, G. K., Nyamador, W. S., Apetogbo, G. Y., and Glitho, I. A. (2014). Susceptibility to DDT and pyrethroids, and detection of knockdown resistance mutation in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato in Southern Togo. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 8 314-323.
G18622	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Togo-- Lome	Ahadji-Dabla, K. M., Ketoh, G. K., Nyamador, W. S., Apetogbo, G. Y., and Glitho, I. A. (2014). Susceptibility to DDT and pyrethroids, and detection of knockdown resistance mutation in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato in Southern Togo. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 8 314-323.
G15512	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	Congo-- Pointe Noire-- Boutoto	Koekemoer, L. L., Spillings, B. L., Christian, R. N., Lo, T. M., Kaiser, M. L., Norton, R. A. I., Oliver, S. V., Choi, K. S., Brooke, B. D., Hunt, R. H., and Coetzee, M. (2011). Multiple insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) from Pointe Noire, Republic of the Congo. Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 11(8) 1193-1200.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.