Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: rhipicephalus microplus

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
acari	ixodidae	southern/tropical cattle tick	MED	cattle

Active Ingredient: coumaphos

MOA: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors, Organophophates
Group: OP	CAS #: 56724	Shaugnessy Code: 36501

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G16923	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16922	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Parana	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16921	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Mato Grosso do Sul	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16920	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16919	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Espirito Santo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16914	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16915	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16916	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16917	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16918	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16865	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Tamaulipas-- Soto la Marina	Miller, R. J., Almazan, C., Ortiz-Estrada, M., Davey, R. B., George, J. E., and Perez De Leon, A. (2013). First report of fipronil resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus of Mexico. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 97-101.
G16868	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Tamaulipas-- Soto la Marina	Miller, R. J., Almazan, C., Ortiz-Estrada, M., Davey, R. B., George, J. E., and Perez De Leon, A. (2013). First report of fipronil resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus of Mexico. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 97-101.
G7240	2005	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Campeche-- Champoton	Li, A.Y., J.H. Pruett, R.B. Davey, and J.E. George. (2005). Toxicological and biochemical characterization of coumaphos resistance in the San Roman strain of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae).. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 81 145-153.
G17050	2002	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Tabasco-- Emiliano Zapata	Cespedes, N.S., Vargas, M.S., Sanchez, H.F., and Vazquez, Z.G. (2002). First Case reported of Amitraz resistance in the cattle tick Boophilus microplus in Mexico. Tecnica Pecuaria en Mexico, 40(1) 81-92.
G10559	2003	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Campeche-- Champoton	Li, A.Y., Davey, R.B., Miller, R.J., George, J.E. (2003). Resistance to Coumaphos and Diazinon in Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) and Evidence for the Involvement of an Oxidative Detoxification Mechanism. Journal of Medical Entomology, 40 482-490.
G17031	2000	Field Evolved Resistance	Colombia-- Santander-- Socorro	Benavides, E., Rodriguez, J. L., and Romero, A. (2000). Isolation and Partial Characterization of the Montecitos Strain of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1877) Multiresistant to Different Acaricides. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 916 668-671.
G17001	2007	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Costa Rica	Thullner, F., Willadsen, P., and Kemp, D. (2007). Acaricide Rotation Strategy for Managing Resistance in the Tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acarina: Ixodidae): Laboratory Experiment with a Field Strain from Costa Rica. Journal of Medical Entomology, 44(5) 817-821.
G5052	1988	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico	Bull, D. L, and Ahrens, E. H. (1988). Metabolism of coumaphos in susceptible and resistant strains of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae).. J. Med. Entomol., 25 94-98.
G4815	1986	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil	WHO 1986. (1986).
G4255	1984	Field Evolved Resistance	France	Brun, L. O., Wilson, J. T. and Nolan, J. (1984). Patterns of resistance in five samples of ethion-resistant cattle tick Boophilus microplus from New Caledonia.. Trop. Pest Management., 30 296-01.
G17063	1980	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Minas Gerais-- Sao Gonzalo de Sapucai	Patarroyo, J.H. and Costa, J.O. (1980). Susceptibility of Brazilian samples of Boophilus microplus to organophosphorus acaricides. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 12 6-10.
G17064	1980	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Minas Gerais-- Sao Gonzalo de Sapucai	Patarroyo, J.H. and Costa, J.O. (1980). Susceptibility of Brazilian samples of Boophilus microplus to organophosphorus acaricides. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 12 6-10.
G17062	1980	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Minas Gerais-- Sao Gonzalo de Sapucai	Patarroyo, J.H. and Costa, J.O. (1980). Susceptibility of Brazilian samples of Boophilus microplus to organophosphorus acaricides. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 12 6-10.
G2669	1974	Field Evolved Resistance	Australia-- New South Wales	Pasfield, G.A. (1974). Communication to FAO.
G1295	1967	Field Evolved Resistance	Australia-- Queensland	Roulston, W. J. and Wharton, R. H. (1967). Acaricide tests on the Biarra strain of organophosphorus resustant cattle ticks Boophilus microplus from southern Queensland.. Aust. Vet. J., 43 129-34.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.