Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: rhipicephalus microplus

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
acari	ixodidae	southern/tropical cattle tick	MED	cattle

Active Ingredient: chlorpyrifos

MOA: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors, Organophophates
Group: OP	CAS #: 2921882	Shaugnessy Code: 59101

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G17011	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Rio Grande do Sul	Pohl, P., Klafke, G., Junior, J., Martins, J, Silva Vaz Jr., I., and Masuda, A. (2012). ABC transporters as a multidrug detoxification mechanism in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Parasitology Research, 111 2345-2351.
G17074	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Minas Gerais-- Triangulo Mineiro	Domingues, L.N., Santos Alves Figueiredo Brasil, B.d., Paiva Bello, A.C.P.d., Leite, R.C., Silaghi, C. Pfister, K., and Passos, L.M.F. (2012). Survey of pyrethroid and organophosphate reistance in Brazilian field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: Detection of C190A mutation in domain II of the para-type sodium channel gene. Veterinary Parasitology, 189 327-332.
G17073	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Minas Gerais-- Triangulo Mineiro	Domingues, L.N., Santos Alves Figueiredo Brasil, B.d., Paiva Bello, A.C.P.d., Leite, R.C., Silaghi, C. Pfister, K., and Passos, L.M.F. (2012). Survey of pyrethroid and organophosphate reistance in Brazilian field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: Detection of C190A mutation in domain II of the para-type sodium channel gene. Veterinary Parasitology, 189 327-332.
G16913	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Rio Grande do Sul	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16912	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Parana	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16911	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Espirito Santo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16910	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16909	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16126	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Rio Grande do Sul-- Eldorado do Sul	Reck, J., Klafke, M. K., Webster, A., Dall, B., Scheffer, R., Souza, A., Corassini, V. B., Vargas, R., Silveira dos Santos, J., Ricardo, J., Martins, S. (2014). First report of fluazuron resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus: A field tick population resistant to six classes of acaricides. Veterinary Parasitology, 201 128-136.
G14806	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Mendes, M.C., Lima, C.K.P., Nogueira, A.H.C., Yoshihara, E., Chiebao, D.P., Gabriel, F.H.L., Ueno, T.E.H., Namindome, A., and Klafke, G.M. (2011). Resistance to cypermethrin, deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos in populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) from small farms of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 178 383-388.
G14807	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Mendes, M.C., Lima, C.K.P., Nogueira, A.H.C., Yoshihara, E., Chiebao, D.P., Gabriel, F.H.L., Ueno, T.E.H., Namindome, A., and Klafke, G.M. (2011). Resistance to cypermethrin, deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos in populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) from small farms of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 178 383-388.
G14805	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Mendes, M.C., Lima, C.K.P., Nogueira, A.H.C., Yoshihara, E., Chiebao, D.P., Gabriel, F.H.L., Ueno, T.E.H., Namindome, A., and Klafke, G.M. (2011). Resistance to cypermethrin, deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos in populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) from small farms of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 178 383-388.
G14804	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Mendes, M.C., Lima, C.K.P., Nogueira, A.H.C., Yoshihara, E., Chiebao, D.P., Gabriel, F.H.L., Ueno, T.E.H., Namindome, A., and Klafke, G.M. (2011). Resistance to cypermethrin, deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos in populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) from small farms of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 178 383-388.
G14802	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Mendes, M.C., Lima, C.K.P., Nogueira, A.H.C., Yoshihara, E., Chiebao, D.P., Gabriel, F.H.L., Ueno, T.E.H., Namindome, A., and Klafke, G.M. (2011). Resistance to cypermethrin, deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos in populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) from small farms of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 178 383-388.
G14794	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Mendes, M.C., Lima, C.K.P., Nogueira, A.H.C., Yoshihara, E., Chiebao, D.P., Gabriel, F.H.L., Ueno, T.E.H., Namindome, A., and Klafke, G.M. (2011). Resistance to cypermethrin, deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos in populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) from small farms of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 178 383-388.
G14795	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Mendes, M.C., Lima, C.K.P., Nogueira, A.H.C., Yoshihara, E., Chiebao, D.P., Gabriel, F.H.L., Ueno, T.E.H., Namindome, A., and Klafke, G.M. (2011). Resistance to cypermethrin, deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos in populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) from small farms of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 178 383-388.
G14796	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Mendes, M.C., Lima, C.K.P., Nogueira, A.H.C., Yoshihara, E., Chiebao, D.P., Gabriel, F.H.L., Ueno, T.E.H., Namindome, A., and Klafke, G.M. (2011). Resistance to cypermethrin, deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos in populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) from small farms of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 178 383-388.
G14797	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Mendes, M.C., Lima, C.K.P., Nogueira, A.H.C., Yoshihara, E., Chiebao, D.P., Gabriel, F.H.L., Ueno, T.E.H., Namindome, A., and Klafke, G.M. (2011). Resistance to cypermethrin, deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos in populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) from small farms of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 178 383-388.
G14798	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Mendes, M.C., Lima, C.K.P., Nogueira, A.H.C., Yoshihara, E., Chiebao, D.P., Gabriel, F.H.L., Ueno, T.E.H., Namindome, A., and Klafke, G.M. (2011). Resistance to cypermethrin, deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos in populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) from small farms of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 178 383-388.
G14799	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Mendes, M.C., Lima, C.K.P., Nogueira, A.H.C., Yoshihara, E., Chiebao, D.P., Gabriel, F.H.L., Ueno, T.E.H., Namindome, A., and Klafke, G.M. (2011). Resistance to cypermethrin, deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos in populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) from small farms of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 178 383-388.
G14800	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Mendes, M.C., Lima, C.K.P., Nogueira, A.H.C., Yoshihara, E., Chiebao, D.P., Gabriel, F.H.L., Ueno, T.E.H., Namindome, A., and Klafke, G.M. (2011). Resistance to cypermethrin, deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos in populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) from small farms of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 178 383-388.
G14801	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Mendes, M.C., Lima, C.K.P., Nogueira, A.H.C., Yoshihara, E., Chiebao, D.P., Gabriel, F.H.L., Ueno, T.E.H., Namindome, A., and Klafke, G.M. (2011). Resistance to cypermethrin, deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos in populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) from small farms of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 178 383-388.
G14803	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Mendes, M.C., Lima, C.K.P., Nogueira, A.H.C., Yoshihara, E., Chiebao, D.P., Gabriel, F.H.L., Ueno, T.E.H., Namindome, A., and Klafke, G.M. (2011). Resistance to cypermethrin, deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos in populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) from small farms of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 178 383-388.
G4814	1986	Field Evolved Resistance	France	WHO 1986. (1986).
G4813	1986	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil	WHO 1986. (1986).
G17057	1980	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Minas Gerais-- Sao Gonzalo de Sapucai	Patarroyo, J.H. and Costa, J.O. (1980). Susceptibility of Brazilian samples of Boophilus microplus to organophosphorus acaricides. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 12 6-10.
G17058	1980	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Minas Gerais-- Sao Gonzalo de Sapucai	Patarroyo, J.H. and Costa, J.O. (1980). Susceptibility of Brazilian samples of Boophilus microplus to organophosphorus acaricides. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 12 6-10.
G17059	1980	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Minas Gerais-- Sao Gonzalo de Sapucai	Patarroyo, J.H. and Costa, J.O. (1980). Susceptibility of Brazilian samples of Boophilus microplus to organophosphorus acaricides. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 12 6-10.
G17060	1980	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Minas Gerais-- Sao Gonzalo de Sapucai	Patarroyo, J.H. and Costa, J.O. (1980). Susceptibility of Brazilian samples of Boophilus microplus to organophosphorus acaricides. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 12 6-10.
G17061	1980	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Minas Gerais-- Sao Gonzalo de Sapucai	Patarroyo, J.H. and Costa, J.O. (1980). Susceptibility of Brazilian samples of Boophilus microplus to organophosphorus acaricides. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 12 6-10.
G530	1964	Field Evolved Resistance	Australia-- Queensland	Shaw, R. D. and Malcolm, H. A. (1964). Resistance of Boophilus microplus to organophosphours insecticides.. Vet. Rec., 76 210-11.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.