Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: helicoverpa zea

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	corn earworm	AG

Active Ingredient: Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Ab2

MOA: Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes (includes transgenic crops), Bacillus thuringiensis (variety unstated)
Group: BAC	CAS #:	Shaugnessy Code: 0

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G21947	2023	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- NC	Reisig, D., Buntin, G. D., Greene, J. K., Paula-Moraes, S. V., Reay-Jones, F., Roberts, P., Smith, R., and Taylor, S. V. (2023). Magnitude and Extent of Helicoverpa zea Resistance Levels to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 across the Southeastern USA. Insects, 14(3) 262.
G21280	2021	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	USA-- Texas-- Snook	Yang, F., Santiago González, J.C., Head, G.P., Price, P.A., & Kerns, D.L. (2021). Multiple and non-recessive resistance to Bt proteins in a Cry2Ab2-resistant population of Helicoverpa zea. . Crop Protection., 145.
G22067	2023	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana	Huang, F.; Niu, Y.; Silva, T.; Brown, S.; Towles, T.; Kerns, D.; Jurat-Fuentes, J.L.; Head, G.P.; Carroll, M.; Walker, W.; et al. (2023). An Extended Investigation of Unexpected Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) Survival and Ear Injury on a Transgenic Maize Hybrid Expressing Cry1A/Cry2A/Vip3A Toxins. Toxins, 15.
G21945	2023	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- FL	Reisig, D., Buntin, G. D., Greene, J. K., Paula-Moraes, S. V., Reay-Jones, F., Roberts, P., Smith, R., and Taylor, S. V. (2023). Magnitude and Extent of Helicoverpa zea Resistance Levels to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 across the Southeastern USA. Insects, 14(3) 262.
G21946	2023	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- NC	Reisig, D., Buntin, G. D., Greene, J. K., Paula-Moraes, S. V., Reay-Jones, F., Roberts, P., Smith, R., and Taylor, S. V. (2023). Magnitude and Extent of Helicoverpa zea Resistance Levels to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 across the Southeastern USA. Insects, 14(3) 262.
G21948	2023	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- NC	Reisig, D., Buntin, G. D., Greene, J. K., Paula-Moraes, S. V., Reay-Jones, F., Roberts, P., Smith, R., and Taylor, S. V. (2023). Magnitude and Extent of Helicoverpa zea Resistance Levels to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 across the Southeastern USA. Insects, 14(3) 262.
G21949	2023	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- NC	Reisig, D., Buntin, G. D., Greene, J. K., Paula-Moraes, S. V., Reay-Jones, F., Roberts, P., Smith, R., and Taylor, S. V. (2023). Magnitude and Extent of Helicoverpa zea Resistance Levels to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 across the Southeastern USA. Insects, 14(3) 262.
G21950	2023	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- SC	Reisig, D., Buntin, G. D., Greene, J. K., Paula-Moraes, S. V., Reay-Jones, F., Roberts, P., Smith, R., and Taylor, S. V. (2023). Magnitude and Extent of Helicoverpa zea Resistance Levels to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 across the Southeastern USA. Insects, 14(3) 262.
G21951	2023	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- SC	Reisig, D., Buntin, G. D., Greene, J. K., Paula-Moraes, S. V., Reay-Jones, F., Roberts, P., Smith, R., and Taylor, S. V. (2023). Magnitude and Extent of Helicoverpa zea Resistance Levels to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 across the Southeastern USA. Insects, 14(3) 262.
G21952	2023	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- VA	Reisig, D., Buntin, G. D., Greene, J. K., Paula-Moraes, S. V., Reay-Jones, F., Roberts, P., Smith, R., and Taylor, S. V. (2023). Magnitude and Extent of Helicoverpa zea Resistance Levels to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 across the Southeastern USA. Insects, 14(3) 262.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.