Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: helicoverpa zea

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	corn earworm	AG

Active Ingredient: Cry1A.105

MOA: Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes (includes transgenic crops), Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis
Group: BAC	CAS #:	Shaugnessy Code: 0

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G21030	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Florida-- Santa Rosa	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21022	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Darlington	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21023	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Florida-- Santa Rosa	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21024	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Winnsboro	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21025	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Alexandria	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21026	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Mississippi-- Stoneville	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21027	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Arkansas-- Tillar	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21028	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Darlington	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21029	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina-- Lillington	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21021	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Mississippi-- Leland	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21031	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Winnsboro	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21032	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Alexandria	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21033	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Darlington	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G22063	2023	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana	Huang, F.; Niu, Y.; Silva, T.; Brown, S.; Towles, T.; Kerns, D.; Jurat-Fuentes, J.L.; Head, G.P.; Carroll, M.; Walker, W.; et al. (2023). An Extended Investigation of Unexpected Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) Survival and Ear Injury on a Transgenic Maize Hybrid Expressing Cry1A/Cry2A/Vip3A Toxins. Toxins, 15.
G22064	2023	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana	Huang, F.; Niu, Y.; Silva, T.; Brown, S.; Towles, T.; Kerns, D.; Jurat-Fuentes, J.L.; Head, G.P.; Carroll, M.; Walker, W.; et al. (2023). An Extended Investigation of Unexpected Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) Survival and Ear Injury on a Transgenic Maize Hybrid Expressing Cry1A/Cry2A/Vip3A Toxins. Toxins, 15.
G22065	2023	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana	Huang, F.; Niu, Y.; Silva, T.; Brown, S.; Towles, T.; Kerns, D.; Jurat-Fuentes, J.L.; Head, G.P.; Carroll, M.; Walker, W.; et al. (2023). An Extended Investigation of Unexpected Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) Survival and Ear Injury on a Transgenic Maize Hybrid Expressing Cry1A/Cry2A/Vip3A Toxins. Toxins, 15.
G22066	2023	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana	Huang, F.; Niu, Y.; Silva, T.; Brown, S.; Towles, T.; Kerns, D.; Jurat-Fuentes, J.L.; Head, G.P.; Carroll, M.; Walker, W.; et al. (2023). An Extended Investigation of Unexpected Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) Survival and Ear Injury on a Transgenic Maize Hybrid Expressing Cry1A/Cry2A/Vip3A Toxins. Toxins, 15.
G21020	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Mississippi-- Stoneville	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21019	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Colfax	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21018	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- St. Joseph	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21017	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- St. Joseph	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21016	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Winnsboro	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21015	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina-- Lenoir	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21012	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Georgia-- Tifton	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21011	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Georgia-- Tifton	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21010	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Mississippi-- Stoneville	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21007	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana-- Baton Rouge	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G20225	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana-- Franklin Parish	Kaur, G., Guo, J., Brown, S., Head, G. P., Price, P. A., Puala-Moraes, S., Ni, X., Dimase, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20224	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana-- Franklin Parish	Kaur, G., Guo, J., Brown, S., Head, G. P., Price, P. A., Puala-Moraes, S., Ni, X., Dimase, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20223	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana-- Rapides Parish	Kaur, G., Guo, J., Brown, S., Head, G. P., Price, P. A., Puala-Moraes, S., Ni, X., Dimase, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20222	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana-- Tensas Parish	Kaur, G., Guo, J., Brown, S., Head, G. P., Price, P. A., Puala-Moraes, S., Ni, X., Dimase, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20221	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana -- Franklin Parish	Kaur, G., Guo, J., Brown, S., Head, G. P., Price, P. A., Puala-Moraes, S., Ni, X., Dimase, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G19353	2015	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	USA-- Georgia-- Tifton	Welch, K.L., Unnithan, G.C., Degain, B.A., Wei, J., Zhang, J., Li, X., Tabashnik, B.E., and Carriere, Y. (2015). Cross-resistance to toxins used in pyramided Bt crops and resistance to Bt sprays in Helicoverpa zea. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 132 149-156.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.