Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: helicoverpa zea

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	corn earworm	AG

Active Ingredient: Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Ab2

MOA: Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes (includes transgenic crops), Bacillus thuringiensis (variety unstated)
Group: BAC	CAS #:	Shaugnessy Code: 0

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G21044	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Winnsboro	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21036	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Winnsboro	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21037	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Georgia-- Tifton	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21038	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Georgia-- Tifton	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21039	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Florence	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21040	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Florence	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21041	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Darlington	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21042	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina-- Lenoir	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21043	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Winnsboro	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21035	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Winnsboro	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21045	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- St. Joseph	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21046	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Colfax	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21047	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Mississippi-- Stoneville	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21048	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Mississippi-- Leland	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21049	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Darlington	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21050	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Winnsboro	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21051	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Alexandria	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21034	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Baton Rouge	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21052	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Mississippi-- Stoneville	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21053	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Arkansas-- Tillar	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21054	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina-- Lillington	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21055	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Florida-- Santa Rosa	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21056	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Winnsboro	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21057	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Mississippi-- Stoneville	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21058	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Darlington	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21059	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Alexandria	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G20526	2020	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	USA	Yang, F., Head, G.P., Price, P.A., Santiago González, J.C. and Kerns, D.L. (2020). Inheritance of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Ab2 protein resistance in Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pest Management Science .
G20525	2020	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	USA	Yang, F., Head, G.P., Price, P.A., Santiago González, J.C. and Kerns, D.L. (2020). Inheritance of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Ab2 protein resistance in Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pest Management Science .
G21517	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Florida-- Santa Rosa	Yu, W., Lin, S., Dimase, M.,Niu, Y., Brown, S., Head, G. P., Price, P. A., Reay-Jones, F. P. F., Cook, D., Reisig, D., Thrash, B., Ni, X., Paula-Moraes i, and Huang, F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in the southeastern United States. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 183 107560.
G21513	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana-- Winnsboro	Yu, W., Lin, S., Dimase, M.,Niu, Y., Brown, S., Head, G. P., Price, P. A., Reay-Jones, F. P. F., Cook, D., Reisig, D., Thrash, B., Ni, X., Paula-Moraes i, and Huang, F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in the southeastern United States. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 183 107560.
G21514	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana-- Alexandria	Yu, W., Lin, S., Dimase, M.,Niu, Y., Brown, S., Head, G. P., Price, P. A., Reay-Jones, F. P. F., Cook, D., Reisig, D., Thrash, B., Ni, X., Paula-Moraes i, and Huang, F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in the southeastern United States. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 183 107560.
G21515	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Mississippi-- Tillar	Yu, W., Lin, S., Dimase, M.,Niu, Y., Brown, S., Head, G. P., Price, P. A., Reay-Jones, F. P. F., Cook, D., Reisig, D., Thrash, B., Ni, X., Paula-Moraes i, and Huang, F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in the southeastern United States. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 183 107560.
G21516	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina-- Lillington	Yu, W., Lin, S., Dimase, M.,Niu, Y., Brown, S., Head, G. P., Price, P. A., Reay-Jones, F. P. F., Cook, D., Reisig, D., Thrash, B., Ni, X., Paula-Moraes i, and Huang, F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in the southeastern United States. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 183 107560.
G20635	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana-- Franklin	Kaura, G., Guoa, J., Brown, S., Headd, G. P., Priced, P. A., Paula-Moraese, S., Nif, X., Dimasea, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20633	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana-- Franklin	Kaura, G., Guoa, J., Brown, S., Headd, G. P., Priced, P. A., Paula-Moraese, S., Nif, X., Dimasea, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20632	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana-- Tensas	Kaura, G., Guoa, J., Brown, S., Headd, G. P., Priced, P. A., Paula-Moraese, S., Nif, X., Dimasea, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20588	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina-- Wayne	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20587	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Pickens	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20586	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Lee	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20585	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina-- Johnston	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20584	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Darlington	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20228	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana-- Tensas Parish	Kaur, G., Guo, J., Brown, S., Head, G. P., Price, P. A., Puala-Moraes, S., Ni, X., Dimase, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20227	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana-- Franklin Parish	Kaur, G., Guo, J., Brown, S., Head, G. P., Price, P. A., Puala-Moraes, S., Ni, X., Dimase, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20226	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana-- Franklin Parish	Kaur, G., Guo, J., Brown, S., Head, G. P., Price, P. A., Puala-Moraes, S., Ni, X., Dimase, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20583	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina-- Duplin	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20582	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Darlington	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.