Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: helicoverpa zea

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	corn earworm	AG

Active Ingredient: B.t. Cry1A.105

MOA: Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes (includes transgenic crops), Bacillus thuringiensis (variety unstated)
Group: BAC	CAS #:	Shaugnessy Code: 0

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G21279	2021	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	USA-- Texas-- Snook	Yang, F., Santiago González, J.C., Head, G.P., Price, P.A., & Kerns, D.L. (2021). Multiple and non-recessive resistance to Bt proteins in a Cry2Ab2-resistant population of Helicoverpa zea. . Crop Protection., 145.
G21014	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Darlington	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21013	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Florence	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21009	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Winnsboro	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21008	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana-- Winnsboro	Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G20578	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Orangeburg	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20622	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana-- Franklin	Kaura, G., Guoa, J., Brown, S., Headd, G. P., Priced, P. A., Paula-Moraese, S., Nif, X., Dimasea, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20581	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina-- Wayne	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20580	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina-- Robeson	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20579	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Pickens	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20572	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Lee	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20571	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina-- Johnston	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20569	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Charleston	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20568	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Barnwell	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20570	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Darlington	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20529	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Dillon	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20530	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina-- Duplin	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20531	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Florence	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20532	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina-- Johnston	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20533	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina-- Robeson	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20534	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina-- Washington	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20621	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana-- Franklin	Kaura, G., Guoa, J., Brown, S., Headd, G. P., Priced, P. A., Paula-Moraese, S., Nif, X., Dimasea, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20620	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana-- Franklin	Kaura, G., Guoa, J., Brown, S., Headd, G. P., Priced, P. A., Paula-Moraese, S., Nif, X., Dimasea, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20619	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana-- Franklin	Kaura, G., Guoa, J., Brown, S., Headd, G. P., Priced, P. A., Paula-Moraese, S., Nif, X., Dimasea, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20618	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana-- Franklin	Kaura, G., Guoa, J., Brown, S., Headd, G. P., Priced, P. A., Paula-Moraese, S., Nif, X., Dimasea, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20617	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana-- Franklin	Kaura, G., Guoa, J., Brown, S., Headd, G. P., Priced, P. A., Paula-Moraese, S., Nif, X., Dimasea, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20536	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina-- Washington	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20564	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Darlington	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20565	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina-- Wayne	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20528	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Darlington	Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.