Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: helicoverpa zea

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	corn earworm	AG

Active Ingredient: Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab

MOA: Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes (includes transgenic crops), Bacillus thuringiensis (variety unstated)
Group: BAC	CAS #: 0	Shaugnessy Code: 0

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G21095	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Georgia-- Tift	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21107	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina-- Harnett	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21106	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Darlington	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21105	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Tensas	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21104	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Ukraine-- Lousiana-- Franklin	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21103	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Rapides	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21102	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Franklin	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21101	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina-- Caldwell	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21100	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Darlington	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21099	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Darlington	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21098	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Florence	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21097	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina-- Florence	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21096	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Georgia-- Tift	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21094	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Mississippi-- Washington	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21093	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Mississippi-- Washington	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21092	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Mississippi-- Washington	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21091	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Grant	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21090	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Franklin	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21089	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Tensas	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21088	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Franklin	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21087	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Franklin	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21086	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Franklin	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21085	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- Franklin	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G21084	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Lousiana-- East Baton Rouge	Niu Y, Oyediran I, Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Brown S, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV, Zhang Y, Chen JS, Wen Z and Huang F. (2021). Populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in the Southeastern United States are Commonly Resistant to Cry1Ab, but Still Susceptible to Vip3Aa20 Expressed in MIR 162 Corn. Toxins, 13 2-14.
G19978	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina	Reisig, D. D., Huseth, A. S.., Bacheler, J. S., Aghaee, M-A., Braswell, L., Burrack, H. J., Flanders, K., Greene, J. K., Herbert, D. A., Jacobson, A., Paula-Moraes, S. V., Roberts, P., and Taylor, S. V. (2018). Long-term empirical and observational evidence of practical Helicoverpa zea resistance to cotton with pyramided Bt toxins. Journal of Economic Entomology, 111 (4) 1824-1833.
G20674	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Maryland	Dively, G. P., Venugopal, P. D., and Finkenbinder, C. (2016). Field-Evolved Resistance in Corn Earworm to Cry Proteins Expressed by Transgenic Sweet Corn. PLoS ONE, 11 e0169115.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.