Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: pectinophora gossypiella

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	gelechiidae	pink bollworm	AG	cotton

Active Ingredient: bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Ab

MOA: Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes (includes transgenic crops), Bacillus thuringiensis (variety unstated)
Group: BAC	CAS #: 0	Shaugnessy Code: 0

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G21566	2022	Lab selected*	USA-- Arizona	Bruce E Tabashnik, Gopalan Chandran Unnithan, Alexander J Yelich, Jeffrey A Fabrick, Timothy J Dennehy and Yves Carrière. (2022). Responses to Bt toxin Vip3Aa by pink bollworm larvae resistant or susceptible to Cry toxins. Pest Management Science, 78 3973-3979.
G20657	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	India-- Punjab-- Hanumangarh	Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satijaa, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field-evolved resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton expressing crystal 1Ac (Cry1Ac) and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science, 74 2544–2554.
G20653	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	India-- Gujarat-- Amreli	Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satijaa, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field-evolved resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton expressing crystal 1Ac (Cry1Ac) and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science, 74 2544–2554.
G20654	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	India-- Gujarat-- Anand	Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satijaa, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field-evolved resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton expressing crystal 1Ac (Cry1Ac) and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science, 74 2544–2554.
G20655	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	India-- Gujarat-- Bhavnagar	Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satijaa, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field-evolved resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton expressing crystal 1Ac (Cry1Ac) and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science, 74 2544–2554.
G19995	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	India-- Punjab-- Faridkot	Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satija, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field evolved-resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) to transgenic Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science.
G20016	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	India-- Madhya Pradesh-- Khandwa	Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satija, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field evolved-resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) to transgenic Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science.
G20642	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	India-- Madhya Pradesh-- Khandwa	Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satijaa, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field-evolved resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton expressing crystal 1Ac (Cry1Ac) and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science, 74 2544–2554.
G19225	2015	Lab selected*	USA-- Arizona	Fabrick, J.A., Unnithan, G.C., Yelich, A.J., DeGain, B., Masson, L., Zhang, J., Carriere, Y., and Tabashnik, B. E. (2015). Multi-Toxin Resistance Enables Pink Bollworm Survival on Pyramided Bt Cotton. Scientific Reports.
G14577	2009	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	USA-- Arizona	Tabashnik, B., Unnithan, G., Masson, L., Crowder, D., Li, X., and Carriere, Y. (2009). Asymmetrical cross-resistance between Bacillus thuringiensis toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in pink bollworm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 106 11889-11894.
G14578	2009	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	USA-- Arizona	Tabashnik, B., Unnithan, G., Masson, L., Crowder, D., Li, X., and Carriere, Y. (2009). Asymmetrical cross-resistance between Bacillus thuringiensis toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in pink bollworm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 106 11889-11894.
G14579	2009	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	USA-- Arizona	Tabashnik, B., Unnithan, G., Masson, L., Crowder, D., Li, X., and Carriere, Y. (2009). Asymmetrical cross-resistance between Bacillus thuringiensis toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in pink bollworm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 106 11889-11894.
G14580	2009	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	USA-- Arizona	Tabashnik, B., Unnithan, G., Masson, L., Crowder, D., Li, X., and Carriere, Y. (2009). Asymmetrical cross-resistance between Bacillus thuringiensis toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in pink bollworm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 106 11889-11894.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.