Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: aedes aegypti

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
diptera	culicidae	yellow fever mosquito	MED	human

Active Ingredient: bacillus thuringiensis Cry4Aa

MOA: Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes (includes transgenic crops), Bacillus thuringiensis (variety unstated)
Group: BAC	CAS #: 0	Shaugnessy Code: 0

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G16547	2014	Lab selected*	France-- Paris	Stalinski, R., Tetreau, G., Gaude, T., and Despres, L. (2014). Pre-selecting resistance against individual Bti Cry toxins facilitates the development of resistance to the Bti toxins cocktail. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 119 50-53.
G16550	2014	Lab selected*	France-- Paris	Stalinski, R., Tetreau, G., Gaude, T., and Despres, L. (2014). Pre-selecting resistance against individual Bti Cry toxins facilitates the development of resistance to the Bti toxins cocktail. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 119 50-53.
G16551	2014	Lab selected*	France-- Paris	Stalinski, R., Tetreau, G., Gaude, T., and Despres, L. (2014). Pre-selecting resistance against individual Bti Cry toxins facilitates the development of resistance to the Bti toxins cocktail. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 119 50-53.
G16591	2014	Lab selected*	France-- Paris	Stalinski, R., Tetreau, G., Gaude, T., and Despres, L. (2014). Pre-selecting resistance against individual Bti Cry toxins facilitates the development of resistance to the Bti toxins cocktail. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 119 50-53.
G14749	2011	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	France	Paris, M., Tetreau, G., Laurent, F., Lelu, M., Despres, L., and David, J. (2011). Persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) in the environment induces resistance to multiple Bti toxins in mosquitoes. Pest Management Science, 67 122-128.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.