Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: plutella xylostella

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	plutellidae	diamond-back moth	AG	crucifers, nasturtium

Active Ingredient: Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac

MOA: Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes (includes transgenic crops), Bacillus thuringiensis (variety unstated)
Group: BAC	CAS #: 0	Shaugnessy Code: 0

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G22125	2022	Lab selected*	USA	Sun, D., Zhu, L., Guo, L., Wang, S., Wu, Q., Crickmore, N., Zhou, X., Bravo, A., Soberón, M., Guo, Z., and Zhang, Y. (2022). A versatile contribution of both aminopeptidases N and ABC transporters to Bt Cry1Ac toxicity in the diamondback moth. BioMed Central, 20 1-16.
G22126	2022	Lab selected*	USA	Sun, D., Zhu, L., Guo, L., Wang, S., Wu, Q., Crickmore, N., Zhou, X., Bravo, A., Soberón, M., Guo, Z., and Zhang, Y. (2022). A versatile contribution of both aminopeptidases N and ABC transporters to Bt Cry1Ac toxicity in the diamondback moth. BioMed Central, 20 1-16.
G22130	2022	Lab selected*	USA	Sun, D., Zhu, L., Guo, L., Wang, S., Wu, Q., Crickmore, N., Zhou, X., Bravo, A., Soberón, M., Guo, Z., and Zhang, Y. (2022). A versatile contribution of both aminopeptidases N and ABC transporters to Bt Cry1Ac toxicity in the diamondback moth. BioMed Central, 20 1-16.
G20965	2021	Lab selected*	China-- Hubei-- Wuhan	Zhao S, Jiang D, Wang F, Yang Y, Tabashnik BE and Wu Y. (2021). Independent and Synergistic Effects of Knocking out Two ABC Transporter Genes on Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins Cry1Ac and Cry1Fa in Diamondback Moth. . Toxins.
G20335	2019	Lab selected*	China	Guo, Z., Gong, L., Kang., Zhou, J., Sun, D., Qin, J., Guo, L., Zhu, L., Bai, Y., Bravo, A., Soberón, M. and Zhang, Y. (2019). Comprehensive analysis of Cry1Ac protoxin activation mediated by midgut proteases in susceptible and resistant Plutella xylostella (L.). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology .
G19063	2016	Lab selected*	USA-- Florida-- Loxahatchee	Zhu, X., Yang, Y., Wu, Q., Wang, S., Xie, W., Guo, Z., Kang, S., Xia, J., and Zhang Y. (2016). Lack of fitness costs and inheritance of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxin in a near-isogenic strain of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Pest Management Science , 72 289-297.
G15776	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Guangdong-- Shenzhen	Gong, Y., Wang, C., Yang, Y., Wu, S., and Wu, Y. (2010). Characterization of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac in Plutella xylostella from China. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 104 90-96.
G19201	2010	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	China-- Guangdong-- Shenzhen	Gong, Y., Wang, C., Yang, Y., Wu, S., and Wu, Y. (2010). Characterization of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac in Plutella xylostella from China. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 104 90-96.
G19202	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Yunnan-- Yuxi	Gong, Y., Wang, C., Yang, Y., Wu, S., and Wu, Y. (2010). Characterization of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac in Plutella xylostella from China. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 104 90-96.
G19203	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Guangdong-- Guangzhou	Gong, Y., Wang, C., Yang, Y., Wu, S., and Wu, Y. (2010). Characterization of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac in Plutella xylostella from China. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 104 90-96.
G19204	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Guangdong-- Huizhou	Gong, Y., Wang, C., Yang, Y., Wu, S., and Wu, Y. (2010). Characterization of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac in Plutella xylostella from China. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 104 90-96.
G12960	2008	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Malaysia-- Serdang	Sayyed, A.H., Moores, G., Crickmore, N., and Wright, D. J. (2008). Cross-resistance between a Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxin and non-Bt insecticides in the diamondback moth. Pest Management Science, 64 813-819.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.