Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: helicoverpa armigera

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	cotton bollworm	AG	cotton, corn, sorghum, tomato

Active Ingredient: Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac

MOA: Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes (includes transgenic crops), Bacillus thuringiensis (variety unstated)
Group: BAC	CAS #: 0	Shaugnessy Code: 0

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G16065	2014	Lab selected* Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	China-- Henan Province-- Xinxiang County	Zhang, W.N., Xiao, H.J., Liang, G.M., Guo, Y.Y., Wu, K.M. (2014). Tradeoff between reproduction and resistance evolutin to Bt-toxin in Helicoverpa armigera by vitellogenin gene expression. Bulletin of Entomological Research.
G16066	2014	Lab selected* Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	China-- Henan Province-- Xinxiang County	Zhang, W.N., Xiao, H.J., Liang, G.M., Guo, Y.Y., Wu, K.M. (2014). Tradeoff between reproduction and resistance evolutin to Bt-toxin in Helicoverpa armigera by vitellogenin gene expression. Bulletin of Entomological Research.
G16149	2014	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	China-- Henan-- XinXiang	Zhang, L.L., Liang, G.M., Gao, X.W., Cao, G.C., Guo, Y.Y. (2014). Characterization and Functional Analysis of b-1, 3-Galactosyltransferase Involved with Cry1Ac Resistance from Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Integrative Agriculture.
G13867	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab	Alvi, A., Sayyed, A., Naeem, M., and Ali, M. (2012). Field Evolved Resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry1Ac in Pakistan. Public Library of Science One, 7 1-9.
G13875	2012	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Pakistan-- Punjab	Alvi, A., Sayyed, A., Naeem, M., and Ali, M. (2012). Field Evolved Resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry1Ac in Pakistan. Public Library of Science One, 7 1-9.
G13896	2012	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Pakistan-- Punjab	Alvi, A., Sayyed, A., Naeem, M., and Ali, M. (2012). Field Evolved Resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry1Ac in Pakistan. Public Library of Science One, 7 1-9.
G13915	2012	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Pakistan-- Punjab	Alvi, A., Sayyed, A., Naeem, M., and Ali, M. (2012). Field Evolved Resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry1Ac in Pakistan. Public Library of Science One, 7 1-9.
G12977	2011	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	India-- Punjab-- Bathinda and Muktsar	Kaur, P., and Dilawari, V. K. (2011). Inheritance of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxin in Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from India. Pest Management Science, 67 1294-1302.
G19675	2003	Lab selected*	Australia	Akhurst, Raymond., James, William., Bird, Lisa., and Beard, Cheryl. (2003). Resistance to the Cry1Ac delta-Endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis in the Cotton Bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 96(4) 1290-1299.
G19676	2003	Lab selected*	Australia	Akhurst, Raymond., James, William., Bird, Lisa., and Beard, Cheryl. (2003). Resistance to the Cry1Ac delta-Endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis in the Cotton Bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 96(4) 1290-1299.
G19677	2003	Lab selected*	Australia	Akhurst, Raymond., James, William., Bird, Lisa., and Beard, Cheryl. (2003). Resistance to the Cry1Ac delta-Endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis in the Cotton Bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 96(4) 1290-1299.
G19679	2003	Lab selected*	Australia	Akhurst, Raymond., James, William., Bird, Lisa., and Beard, Cheryl. (2003). Resistance to the Cry1Ac delta-Endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis in the Cotton Bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 96(4) 1290-1299.
G19742	2015	Lab selected* Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	China-- Hebei-- Langfang	Chen, W., Liu, C., Xiao, Y., Zhang, D., Zhang, Y., Li, X., Tabashnik, B. E. and Wu, K. (2015). A toxin-binding alkaline phosphatase fragment synergizes Bt toxin Cry1Ac against susceptible and resistant Helicoverpa armigera. PLOS ONE, 10(4).

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.