Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: trichoplusia ni

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	cabbage looper	AG	crucifers

Active Ingredient: Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac

MOA: Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes (includes transgenic crops), Bacillus thuringiensis (variety unstated)
Group: BAC	CAS #: 0	Shaugnessy Code: 0

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G14332	2012	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Canada-- British Columbia	Zhang, X., Tiewsiri, K., Kain, W., Huang, L., Wang, P. (2012). Resistance of Trichoplusia ni to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cr1Ac is Independent of Alteration of the Cadherin-Like Receptor for Cry Toxins. PLoS ONE, 7 e35991.
G14659	2007	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Canada-- British Columbia	Wang, P., Zhao, J., Rodrigo-Simon, A., Kain, W., Janmaat, A., Shelton, A., Ferre, J., and Myers, J. (2007). Mechanism of Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry1Ac in a Greenhouse Population of Cabbage Looper, Trichoplusia ni. Applied and Environmental Microbology, 73 1199-1207.
G14660	2007	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Canada-- British Columbia	Wang, P., Zhao, J., Rodrigo-Simon, A., Kain, W., Janmaat, A., Shelton, A., Ferre, J., and Myers, J. (2007). Mechanism of Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry1Ac in a Greenhouse Population of Cabbage Looper, Trichoplusia ni. Applied and Environmental Microbology, 73 1199-1207.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.