Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: culex quinquefasciatus

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
diptera	culicidae	southern house mosquito	MED

Active Ingredient: Bacillus sphaericus 2362

MOA: Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes (includes transgenic crops), Bacillus sphaericus
Group: BAC	CAS #:	Shaugnessy Code:

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G21123	2021	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Brazil-- Aggeu Magalhães	Menezes HSG, Nascimento NA, Paiva-Cavalcanti M, da Costa-Latgé SG, Genta FA, Oliveira CM, Romão TP and Silva-Filha MHN. (2021). Molecular and biological features of Culex quinquefasciatus homozygous larvae for two cqm1 alleles that confer resistance to Lysinibacillus sphaericus larvicides.. Pest Management Science, 7 3135-3144.
G16172	2014	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	India-- Puducherry-- Pondicherry	Poopathi, S., Thirugnanasambantham, K., Mani, C., Athisaya Mary, K., Ann Mary, B., and Balagangadharan, K. (2014). Hexamerin a Novel Protein Associated with Bacillus sphaericus Resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 172 2299-2307.
G15712	2010	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Brazil	Amorim, L., Arruda de Barros, R., Diogo de Melo Chalegre, K., Fontes de Oliveira, C., Regis, L., and Silva-Filha, M. (2010). Stability of Culex quinquefasciatus resistance to Bacillus sphaericus evaluated by molecular tools. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 40 311-316.
G5575	1995	Unspecified	Brazil	Silva-Filha, M.H., L. Regis, C.Nielsen-Leroux, and J.F. Charles. (1995). Low level Resistance to Bacillus sphaericus in a field treated population of culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 88(3) 525-530.
G5648	1995	Unspecified	India	Rao, D.R., T.R. Mani, R. Ragendran, A.S. Joseph, A. Gajanana, and R. Reuben. (1995). Development of a High Level of Resistance to Bacillus sphaericus in a Field Population of Culex Quinquefasciatus from Kochi, India. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 11(1) 1-5.
G5538	1994	Unspecified	USA	Rodcharoen, J., and M.S. Mulla. (1994). Resistance Development in Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) to Bacillus sphaericus. Journal of Economic Entomology, 87(5) 1133-1140.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.