Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: tetranychus urticae

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
acari	tetranychidae	twospotted spider mite	AG	cotton, fruits, vegetables, walnut, ornamentals

Active Ingredient: clofentezine

MOA: Compounds of unknown or non-specific mode of action (mite growth inhibitors), Clofentezine, Hexythiazox
Group: TETR	CAS #: 74086	Shaugnessy Code:

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G17299	2014	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Belgium-- Ghent	Demaeght, P., Osborne, J. E., Odman-Naresh, J., Grbic, M., Nauen, R., Merzendorfer, H., Clark M. R., and Van Leeuwen, T. (2014). High resolution genetic mapping uncovers chitin synthase-1 as the target-site of the structurally diverse mite growth inhibitors clofentezine, hexythiazox and etoxazole in Tetranychus urticae. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 51 55-61.
G16212	2014	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Greece-- Athens	Riga, M., Tsakireli, D., Ilias, A., Morou, E., Myridakis, A., Stephanou, E. G., Nauen, R., Dermauw, W., Van Leeuwen, T., Paine, M., and Vontas, J. (2014). Abamectin is metabolized by CYP392A16, a cytochrome P450 associated with high levels of acaricide resistance in Tetranychus urticae. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46 43-53.
G17121	2014	Lab selected*	China-- Shandong-- Tai'an	Tang, X., Zhang, Y., Wu, Q., Xie, W., and Wang, S. (2014). Stage-Specific Expression of Resistance to Different Acaricides in Four Field Populations of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(5) 1900-1907.
G14934	2011	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Turkey-- Antalya-- Kumluca	Ay, R., and Kara, F.E. (2011). Toxicity, inheritance and biochemistry of clofentezine resistance in Tetranychus urticae. Insect Science, 18 503-511.
G6609	2001	Unspecified	Brazil	Nauen, R., N. Stumpf, A. Elbert, C.P.W. Zebitz, and W. Kraus. (2001). Acaricide toxicity and resistance in larvae of different strains of Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae). Pest Manag Sci, 57 253-261.
G6622	2001	Unspecified	Australia	Nauen, R., N. Stumpf, A. Elbert, C.P.W. Zebitz, and W. Kraus. (2001). Acaricide toxicity and resistance in larvae of different strains of Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae). Pest Manag Sci, 57 253-261.
G5504	1993	Unspecified	Australia	Grant, H., V. Edge, and J. Rophail. (1993). Clofentezine and hexythiazox resistance in Tetranychus urticae Koch in Australia. Experimental & Applied Acarology, 17 433-440.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.