Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: tribolium castaneum

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
coleoptera	tenebrionidae	red flour beetle	AG	stored grain, peanuts, sorghum

Active Ingredient: phosphine

MOA: Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors, Aluminium phosphide, cyanide, phosphine
Group: FUM	CAS #: 7803-51-2	Shaugnessy Code: 66500

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G22172	2023	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	India-- Rajasthan-- Ajmer	Ramya, R. S., Srivastava, C., Subramanian, S., & Ranjith, M. (2023). Inheritance pattern and expression of resistance to phosphine in larval stage of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 26.
G21938	2023	Lab selected* Field Evolved Resistance	India-- Rajasthan-- Ajmer	Ramya, R. S., Srivastava, C., Subramanian, S., & Ranjith, M. (2023). Inheritance pattern and expression of resistance to phosphine in larval stage of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 102040.
G19554	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- California	Gautam, S. G., Opit, G. P., and Hosoda, E. (2016). Phosphine Resistance in Adult and Immature Life Stages of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Populations in California. Insecticide Resistance and Resistance Management, 109(6) 2525-2533.
G19553	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- California	Gautam, S. G., Opit, G. P., and Hosoda, E. (2016). Phosphine Resistance in Adult and Immature Life Stages of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Populations in California. Insecticide Resistance and Resistance Management, 109(6) 2525-2533.
G16640	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Australia-- New South Wales-- Bellata	Jagadeesan, R., Nayak, M. K., Pavic, H., Chandra, K., and Collins, P. (2014). Susceptibility to sulfuryl fluoride and lack of cross-resistance to phosphine in developmental stages of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Pest Management Science.
G16639	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Australia-- New South Wales-- Moree	Jagadeesan, R., Nayak, M. K., Pavic, H., Chandra, K., and Collins, P. (2014). Susceptibility to sulfuryl fluoride and lack of cross-resistance to phosphine in developmental stages of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Pest Management Science.
G16638	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Australia-- Queensland-- Natcha	Jagadeesan, R., Nayak, M. K., Pavic, H., Chandra, K., and Collins, P. (2014). Susceptibility to sulfuryl fluoride and lack of cross-resistance to phosphine in developmental stages of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Pest Management Science.
G14750	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	Australia	Jagadeesan, R., Collins, P., Daglish, G., Ebert, P., Schlipalius, D. (2010). Phosphine Resistance in the Rust Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium Castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Inheritance, Gene Interactions and Fitness Costs. PLoS ONE, 7 e31582.
G15855	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Oklahoma-- Logan County	Opit, G., Phillips, T., Aikins, M., and Hasan, M. (2012). Phosphine Resistance in Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica From Stored Wheat in Oklahoma. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 1107-1114.
G15847	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Oklahoma-- Payne County	Opit, G., Phillips, T., Aikins, M., and Hasan, M. (2012). Phosphine Resistance in Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica From Stored Wheat in Oklahoma. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 1107-1114.
G15848	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Oklahoma-- Payne County	Opit, G., Phillips, T., Aikins, M., and Hasan, M. (2012). Phosphine Resistance in Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica From Stored Wheat in Oklahoma. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 1107-1114.
G15849	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Oklahoma-- Payne County	Opit, G., Phillips, T., Aikins, M., and Hasan, M. (2012). Phosphine Resistance in Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica From Stored Wheat in Oklahoma. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 1107-1114.
G15850	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Oklahoma-- Payne County	Opit, G., Phillips, T., Aikins, M., and Hasan, M. (2012). Phosphine Resistance in Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica From Stored Wheat in Oklahoma. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 1107-1114.
G15851	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Oklahoma-- Garfield County	Opit, G., Phillips, T., Aikins, M., and Hasan, M. (2012). Phosphine Resistance in Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica From Stored Wheat in Oklahoma. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 1107-1114.
G15852	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Oklahoma-- Kingfisher County	Opit, G., Phillips, T., Aikins, M., and Hasan, M. (2012). Phosphine Resistance in Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica From Stored Wheat in Oklahoma. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 1107-1114.
G15854	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Oklahoma-- Texas County	Opit, G., Phillips, T., Aikins, M., and Hasan, M. (2012). Phosphine Resistance in Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica From Stored Wheat in Oklahoma. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 1107-1114.
G15861	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Oklahoma-- Garfield County	Opit, G., Phillips, T., Aikins, M., and Hasan, M. (2012). Phosphine Resistance in Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica From Stored Wheat in Oklahoma. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 1107-1114.
G14912	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Minas Gerais	Pimentel, M., Faroni, L., Totola, M., and Guedes, R. (2007). Phosphine resistance, respiration rate and fitness consequences in stored-product insects. Pest Management Science, 63 876-881.
G14915	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Minas Gerais-- Bom Despacho	Pimentel, M., Faroni, L., Totola, M., and Guedes, R. (2007). Phosphine resistance, respiration rate and fitness consequences in stored-product insects. Pest Management Science, 63 876-881.
G14913	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Minas Gerais-- Unai	Pimentel, M., Faroni, L., Totola, M., and Guedes, R. (2007). Phosphine resistance, respiration rate and fitness consequences in stored-product insects. Pest Management Science, 63 876-881.
G14914	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Mato Grosso-- Campos de Julio	Pimentel, M., Faroni, L., Totola, M., and Guedes, R. (2007). Phosphine resistance, respiration rate and fitness consequences in stored-product insects. Pest Management Science, 63 876-881.
G14910	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Minas Gerais-- Vicosa	Pimentel, M., Faroni, L., Totola, M., and Guedes, R. (2007). Phosphine resistance, respiration rate and fitness consequences in stored-product insects. Pest Management Science, 63 876-881.
G14909	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Goias-- Rio Verde	Pimentel, M., Faroni, L., Totola, M., and Guedes, R. (2007). Phosphine resistance, respiration rate and fitness consequences in stored-product insects. Pest Management Science, 63 876-881.
G14911	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Minas Gerais-- Uberlandia	Pimentel, M., Faroni, L., Totola, M., and Guedes, R. (2007). Phosphine resistance, respiration rate and fitness consequences in stored-product insects. Pest Management Science, 63 876-881.
G6234	1999	Unspecified	Australia	Bengston M., P.J.Collins, G.J. Daglish, V.L. Hallman, R. Kopittke, and H. Pavic. (1999). Inheritance of Phosphine Resistance in Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 92(1) 17-20.
G5057	1989	Field Evolved Resistance	USA	Zettler J.L., W.R. Halliday, and F.H. Arthur. (1989). Phosphine Resistance in Insects Infesting Stored Peanuts in South Eastern United States. Journal of Economic Entomology, 82(6) 1508-1511.
G15450	1989	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Alabama-- Dothan	Zettler, J. L., Halliday, W. R., and Arthur, F. H. (1989). Phosphine Resistance in Insects Infesting Stored Peanuts in the Southeastern United States. Journal of Economic Entomology, 82(6) 1508-1511.
G3931	1981	Field Evolved Resistance	Australia-- New South Wales	Attia, F. I., and Greening, H. G. (1981). Survey of resistance to phosphine in coleopoterous pests of grain and stored products in New South Wales, Australia.. Gen. Appl. Entomol., 13 93-97.
G2908	1976	Field Evolved Resistance	Malawi	Champ, B. R. and Dyte, C. E. (1976). FAO Global Survey of Pesticide Susceptibility of Stored Grain Pests, FAO Plant Production Prot.. Ser. No. 5.
G2892	1976	Field Evolved Resistance	Somalia	Champ, B. R. and Dyte, C. E. (1976). FAO Global Survey of Pesticide Susceptibility of Stored Grain Pests, FAO Plant Production Prot.. Ser. No. 5.
G2893	1976	Field Evolved Resistance	Nepal	Champ, B. R. and Dyte, C. E. (1976). FAO Global Survey of Pesticide Susceptibility of Stored Grain Pests, FAO Plant Production Prot.. Ser. No. 5.
G2894	1976	Field Evolved Resistance	Syria	Champ, B. R. and Dyte, C. E. (1976). FAO Global Survey of Pesticide Susceptibility of Stored Grain Pests, FAO Plant Production Prot.. Ser. No. 5.
G2895	1976	Field Evolved Resistance	West Indies-- Montserrat	Champ, B. R. and Dyte, C. E. (1976). FAO Global Survey of Pesticide Susceptibility of Stored Grain Pests, FAO Plant Production Prot.. Ser. No. 5.
G2896	1976	Field Evolved Resistance	Australia	Champ, B. R. and Dyte, C. E. (1976). FAO Global Survey of Pesticide Susceptibility of Stored Grain Pests, FAO Plant Production Prot.. Ser. No. 5.
G2903	1976	Field Evolved Resistance	Central African Republic	Champ, B. R. and Dyte, C. E. (1976). FAO Global Survey of Pesticide Susceptibility of Stored Grain Pests, FAO Plant Production Prot.. Ser. No. 5.
G2904	1976	Field Evolved Resistance	China	Champ, B. R. and Dyte, C. E. (1976). FAO Global Survey of Pesticide Susceptibility of Stored Grain Pests, FAO Plant Production Prot.. Ser. No. 5.
G2905	1976	Field Evolved Resistance	Greece	Champ, B. R. and Dyte, C. E. (1976). FAO Global Survey of Pesticide Susceptibility of Stored Grain Pests, FAO Plant Production Prot.. Ser. No. 5.
G2906	1976	Field Evolved Resistance	Guyana	Champ, B. R. and Dyte, C. E. (1976). FAO Global Survey of Pesticide Susceptibility of Stored Grain Pests, FAO Plant Production Prot.. Ser. No. 5.
G2907	1976	Field Evolved Resistance	India	Champ, B. R. and Dyte, C. E. (1976). FAO Global Survey of Pesticide Susceptibility of Stored Grain Pests, FAO Plant Production Prot.. Ser. No. 5.
G2909	1976	Field Evolved Resistance	Japan	Champ, B. R. and Dyte, C. E. (1976). FAO Global Survey of Pesticide Susceptibility of Stored Grain Pests, FAO Plant Production Prot.. Ser. No. 5.
G2891	1976	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Washington	Champ, B. R. and Dyte, C. E. (1976). FAO Global Survey of Pesticide Susceptibility of Stored Grain Pests, FAO Plant Production Prot.. Ser. No. 5.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.