Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: phenacoccus solenopsis

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
homoptera	pseudococcidae	cotton mealybug	AG	cotton, ornamentals, vegetable crops

Active Ingredient: acetamiprid

MOA: Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor agonists / antagonists, Neonicotinoids
Group: NICO	CAS #: 135410-20-7	Shaugnessy Code: 99050

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G19207	2016	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ijaz, M., Afzal, M., and Shad, S. (2016). Resistance risk analysis to acetamiprid and other insecticides in Acetamiprid-Selected population of Phenacoccus solenopsis. Phytoparasitica, 44 177-186.
G17212	2015	Lab selected*	Pakistan	Shahzad Afzal, M., Abbas, N., and Ali Shad, S. (2015). Inheritance, realized heritability and biochemical mechanism of acetamiprid resistance in the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology.
G16057	2014	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Shahzad Afzal, M., Ali Shad, S., Abbas N., Ayyaz, M., and Walker, W. (2014). Cross-resistance, the stability of acetamiprid resistance and its effect on the biological parameters of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Homoptera: Rseudococcidae), in Pakistan. Pest Management Science.
G16058	2014	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Shahzad Afzal, M., Ali Shad, S., Abbas N., Ayyaz, M., and Walker, W. (2014). Cross-resistance, the stability of acetamiprid resistance and its effect on the biological parameters of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Homoptera: Rseudococcidae), in Pakistan. Pest Management Science.
G17900	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Sahiwal	Saddiq, B., Shad, S., Aslam, M., Ijaz, M., and Abbas, N. (2015). Monitoring resistance of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) to new chemical insecticides in Punjab, Pakistan. Crop Protection, 74 24-29.
G19174	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Gujranwata	Ahmad, M. and Akhtar, S. (2016). Development of resistance to insecticide in the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 88 96-102.
G19175	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Faisalabad	Ahmad, M. and Akhtar, S. (2016). Development of resistance to insecticide in the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 88 96-102.
G17898	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Mailsi	Saddiq, B., Shad, S., Aslam, M., Ijaz, M., and Abbas, N. (2015). Monitoring resistance of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) to new chemical insecticides in Punjab, Pakistan. Crop Protection, 74 24-29.
G17899	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Bahawalpur	Saddiq, B., Shad, S., Aslam, M., Ijaz, M., and Abbas, N. (2015). Monitoring resistance of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) to new chemical insecticides in Punjab, Pakistan. Crop Protection, 74 24-29.
G19173	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Gujrat	Ahmad, M. and Akhtar, S. (2016). Development of resistance to insecticide in the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 88 96-102.
G17894	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Saddiq, B., Shad, S., Aslam, M., Ijaz, M., and Abbas, N. (2015). Monitoring resistance of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) to new chemical insecticides in Punjab, Pakistan. Crop Protection, 74 24-29.
G17896	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Khanewal	Saddiq, B., Shad, S., Aslam, M., Ijaz, M., and Abbas, N. (2015). Monitoring resistance of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) to new chemical insecticides in Punjab, Pakistan. Crop Protection, 74 24-29.
G17897	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Muzaffar Garh	Saddiq, B., Shad, S., Aslam, M., Ijaz, M., and Abbas, N. (2015). Monitoring resistance of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) to new chemical insecticides in Punjab, Pakistan. Crop Protection, 74 24-29.
G19172	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Lahore	Ahmad, M. and Akhtar, S. (2016). Development of resistance to insecticide in the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 88 96-102.
G19171	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Faisalabad	Ahmad, M. and Akhtar, S. (2016). Development of resistance to insecticide in the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 88 96-102.
G19170	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Faisalabad	Ahmad, M. and Akhtar, S. (2016). Development of resistance to insecticide in the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 88 96-102.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.