Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: helicoverpa armigera

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	cotton bollworm	AG	cotton, corn, sorghum, tomato

Active Ingredient: bifenthrin

MOA: Sodium channel modulators, Pyrethroids, Pyrethrins, DDT
Group: PYR	CAS #: 82657043	Shaugnessy Code: 128825

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G15373	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Turkey-- Adana	Karaağaç, U., Konuş, M., and Büyük, M. (2013). Determination of Susceptibility Levels of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) Strains Collected from Different Regions to Some Insecticides in Turkey. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 15(1) 37-54.
G9703	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Faisalabad	Aheer, G.M., Aziz, M.A., Hameed, A., Ali, A. (2009). Evaluation of resistance to different insecticides in field strains of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Punjab, Pakistan. Entomological Research, 39 159-167.
G15370	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Turkey-- Mardin-- Kiziltepe	Karaağaç, U., Konuş, M., and Büyük, M. (2013). Determination of Susceptibility Levels of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) Strains Collected from Different Regions to Some Insecticides in Turkey. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 15(1) 37-54.
G9710	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Bahawalpur	Aheer, G.M., Aziz, M.A., Hameed, A., Ali, A. (2009). Evaluation of resistance to different insecticides in field strains of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Punjab, Pakistan. Entomological Research, 39 159-167.
G9709	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Bahawalpur	Aheer, G.M., Aziz, M.A., Hameed, A., Ali, A. (2009). Evaluation of resistance to different insecticides in field strains of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Punjab, Pakistan. Entomological Research, 39 159-167.
G9707	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Aheer, G.M., Aziz, M.A., Hameed, A., Ali, A. (2009). Evaluation of resistance to different insecticides in field strains of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Punjab, Pakistan. Entomological Research, 39 159-167.
G9704	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Faisalabad	Aheer, G.M., Aziz, M.A., Hameed, A., Ali, A. (2009). Evaluation of resistance to different insecticides in field strains of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Punjab, Pakistan. Entomological Research, 39 159-167.
G9701	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Faisalabad	Aheer, G.M., Aziz, M.A., Hameed, A., Ali, A. (2009). Evaluation of resistance to different insecticides in field strains of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Punjab, Pakistan. Entomological Research, 39 159-167.
G9702	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Faisalabad	Aheer, G.M., Aziz, M.A., Hameed, A., Ali, A. (2009). Evaluation of resistance to different insecticides in field strains of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Punjab, Pakistan. Entomological Research, 39 159-167.
G9705	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Aheer, G.M., Aziz, M.A., Hameed, A., Ali, A. (2009). Evaluation of resistance to different insecticides in field strains of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Punjab, Pakistan. Entomological Research, 39 159-167.
G9706	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Aheer, G.M., Aziz, M.A., Hameed, A., Ali, A. (2009). Evaluation of resistance to different insecticides in field strains of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Punjab, Pakistan. Entomological Research, 39 159-167.
G9708	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Bahawalpur	Aheer, G.M., Aziz, M.A., Hameed, A., Ali, A. (2009). Evaluation of resistance to different insecticides in field strains of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Punjab, Pakistan. Entomological Research, 39 159-167.
G8509	2007	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Australia-- New South Wales and Queensland	Gunning, R. V., Moores, G. D., Jewess, P., Boyes, A. L., Devonshire, A. L., and Khambay, B. P. S. (2007). Use of pyrethroid analogues to identify key structural features for enhanced esterase resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pest Management Science, 63 569-575.
G9700	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Faisalabad	Aheer, G.M., Aziz, M.A., Hameed, A., Ali, A. (2009). Evaluation of resistance to different insecticides in field strains of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Punjab, Pakistan. Entomological Research, 39 159-167.
G7332	2005	Unspecified	China	Yang, E., Yang, Y., Wu, S., Wu, Y. (2005). Relative contribution of detoxifying enzymes to pyrethroid resistance in a resistant strain of Helicoverpa armigera. Journal of Applied Entomology, 129 (9/10) 521-525.
G6914	2002	Unspecified	Spain-- Extremadura-- Olivenza	Torres-Vila, L.M., M.C. Rodriquez-Molina, A. Lacasa-Plasencia, P. Bielza-Lino, and A. Rodriguez-del-Rincon. (2002). Pyrethroid resistance of Helicoverpa armigera in Spain: current status and agroecological perspective.. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 93 55-66.
G6842	2002	Unspecified	West Africa-- Bouake	Martin, T., G.O. Ochou, M. Vaissayre, and D. Fournier. (2002). Positive and negative cross-resistance to pyrethroids in Helicoverpa armigera from West Africa. Resistant Pest Management Newsletter, 12(1) 16-19.
G5848	1997	Unspecified	Pakistan	Ahmad, M., M.I. Arif, and M.R. Attique. (1997). Pyrethroid resistance of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Nocutuidae) in Pakistan. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 87 343-347.
G9181	2009	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Benin-- North Region-- Angaradebou	Djihinto, A.C., Katary, A., Prudent, P., Vassal, J.M., Vaissayre, M. (2009). Variation in Resistance to Pyrethoids in Helicoverpa armigera From Benin Republic, West Africa. Journal of Economic Entomology, 5 1928-1934.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.