Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: heliothis zea

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	american bollworm, corn earworm	AG	cereals, cotton, grains, vegetables

Active Ingredient: toxaphene

MOA: GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, Cyclodiene organochlorines
Group: CYCLO	CAS #: 8001-35-2	Shaugnessy Code: 80501

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G2632	1974	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Arkansas	Miner, F.D. (1974). Communication to FAO.
G2054	1972	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Mississippi	Harris, F. A. (1972). Resistance to methyl parathion and toxaphene-DDT in bollworm and tobacco budworm from cotton in Mississippi.. J. Econ. Entomol., 65 1193-94.
G1278	1967	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- New Mexico	(1967). Report of the First Session of the FAO Working Party of Experts on Resistance of Pests to Pesticides.. FAO, Rome 1965.
G964	1965	Field Evolved Resistance	Colombia	Rodrigo Adarve, R. (1965). In: FAO 1967.
G520	1964	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana	Graves, J. B., Clower, D. F., Bagent, J. L. and Bradley, J. R. (1964). Bollworms increasing in resistance to insecticides.. La. Agric., 7 3.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.