Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: heliothis virescens

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	tobacco budworm	AG	chickpea, corn, cotton, tobacco

Active Ingredient: toxaphene

MOA: GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, Cyclodiene organochlorines
Group: CYCLO	CAS #: 8001-35-2	Shaugnessy Code: 80501

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G2626	1974	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Arizona	Ware 1974. (1974).
G2047	1972	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Mississippi	Harris, F. A. (1972). Resistance to methyl parathion and toxaphene-DDT in bollworm and tobacco budworm from cotton in Mississippi.. J. Econ. Entomol., 65 1193-94.
G957	1965	Field Evolved Resistance	Colombia	Rodrigo Adarve, R. (1965). In: FAO 1967.
G958	1965	Field Evolved Resistance	Peru	Simon, J.E. (1965). In: FAO 1967.
G516	1964	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana	Graves, J. B., Clower, D. F., Bagent, J. L. and Bradley, J. R. (1964). Bollworms increasing in resistance to insecticides.. La. Agric., 7 3.
G310	1961	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico	Von Eickstedt 1961. (1961).

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.