Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: estigmene acrea

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	arctiidae	saltmarsh caterpillar	AG	cotton

Active Ingredient: toxaphene

MOA: GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, Cyclodiene organochlorines
Group: CYCLO	CAS #: 8001-35-2	Shaugnessy Code: 80501

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G1272	1967	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Arizona	(1967). Report of the First Session of the FAO Working Party of Experts on Resistance of Pests to Pesticides.. FAO, Rome 1965.
G242	1960	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- California	Johnston, H. G. (1960). The impact of insecticidal resistance upon the use and development of insecticides for cotton pests.. Misc. Pub. Entomol. Soc. Am., 2 41-44.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.