Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: spodoptera litura

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	mediterranean climbing cutworm	AG	Tobacco

Active Ingredient: thiodicarb

MOA: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors, Carbamates
Group: CAR	CAS #: 59669260	Shaugnessy Code: 114501

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G20267	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Guangdong Province-- Huizhou	Wang X., Lou, L., and Su J. (2019). Prevalence and stability of insecticide resistances in field population of T Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 22 728-732.
G15205	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Chenzhou	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G15202	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Yiyang	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G15199	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Changde	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G15196	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Yueyang	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G15193	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Changsha	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G15203	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Chenzhou	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G15201	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Yiyang	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G15198	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Changde	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G15195	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Yueyang	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G15192	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Changsha	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G15200	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Yiyang	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G15197	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Changde	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G15194	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Yueyang	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G15191	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Changsha	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G8105	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, Mushtaq, Arif, M. Iqbal, and Ahmad, Munir. (2007). Occurrence of insecticide resistance in field populations of Spodoptera liturra (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 26 809-817.
G8113	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, Mushtaq, Arif, M. Iqbal, and Ahmad, Munir. (2007). Occurrence of insecticide resistance in field populations of Spodoptera liturra (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 26 809-817.
G8104	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, Mushtaq, Arif, M. Iqbal, and Ahmad, Munir. (2007). Occurrence of insecticide resistance in field populations of Spodoptera liturra (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 26 809-817.
G8106	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, Mushtaq, Arif, M. Iqbal, and Ahmad, Munir. (2007). Occurrence of insecticide resistance in field populations of Spodoptera liturra (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 26 809-817.
G8107	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, Mushtaq, Arif, M. Iqbal, and Ahmad, Munir. (2007). Occurrence of insecticide resistance in field populations of Spodoptera liturra (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 26 809-817.
G8108	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, Mushtaq, Arif, M. Iqbal, and Ahmad, Munir. (2007). Occurrence of insecticide resistance in field populations of Spodoptera liturra (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 26 809-817.
G8109	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, Mushtaq, Arif, M. Iqbal, and Ahmad, Munir. (2007). Occurrence of insecticide resistance in field populations of Spodoptera liturra (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 26 809-817.
G8110	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, Mushtaq, Arif, M. Iqbal, and Ahmad, Munir. (2007). Occurrence of insecticide resistance in field populations of Spodoptera liturra (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 26 809-817.
G8111	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, Mushtaq, Arif, M. Iqbal, and Ahmad, Munir. (2007). Occurrence of insecticide resistance in field populations of Spodoptera liturra (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 26 809-817.
G8112	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, Mushtaq, Arif, M. Iqbal, and Ahmad, Munir. (2007). Occurrence of insecticide resistance in field populations of Spodoptera liturra (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 26 809-817.
G14398	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Multan	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G14394	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Bahawalpur	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G14395	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Lodhran	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G14396	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Multan	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G14399	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Lodhran	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G14393	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Bahawalpur	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G14397	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Rahimyar Khan	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G14400	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Lodhran	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.