Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: simulium sanctipauli

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
diptera	simuliidae	black fly	MED

Active Ingredient: temephos

MOA: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors, Organophophates
Group: OP	CAS #: 3383968	Shaugnessy Code: 59001

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G4721	1986	Field Evolved Resistance	Burkina Faso	WHO 1986. (1986).
G4722	1986	Field Evolved Resistance	Ghana	Kurtak, D. D. (1986). In: Insecticide resistance in the onchocerciasis control programme.. Parasitology Today, 2 20-21.
G4723	1986	Field Evolved Resistance	Mali	WHO 1986. (1986).
G3840	1980	Field Evolved Resistance	Cote d'Ivoire	Guillet, P., Escaffre, H., Ouedraogo, M. and Quillevere, D. (1980). Demonstration of resistance to temephos in Simulium damnosum complex in Ivory coast.. Cah. ORSTOM, Ser. Entomol. Med. Parasit., 18 291-99.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.