Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: phenacoccus solenopsis

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
homoptera	pseudococcidae	cotton mealybug	AG	cotton, ornamentals, vegetable crops

Active Ingredient: spinosad

MOA: Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor agonists (allosteric), Spinosyns
Group: SPIN	CAS #: 131929-60-7	Shaugnessy Code: 110003

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G20286	2019	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Pakistan-- Multan	Banazeer, A., Afzal, S.B.M., Ijaz, M. and Shad, A.S. (2019). Spinosad resistance selected in the laboratory strain of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): studies on risk assessment and cross-resistance patterns. Phytoparasitica, 47 531–542.
G18207	2015	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Afzal, M., Shad, S., Basoalto, E., Ejaz, M., and Serrao, J. (2015). Characterization of indoxacarb resistance in Phenococcus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae): Cross-resistance, stability and fitness cost. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 18 779-785.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.