Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: tuta absoluta

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	gelechiidae	tomato leafminer	AG	tomatoes, potatoes

Active Ingredient: spinosad

MOA: Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor agonists (allosteric), Spinosyns
Group: SPIN	CAS #: 131929-60-7	Shaugnessy Code: 110003

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G20063	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	United Kingdom-- North Yorkshire	Grant, C., Jacobson, R., Ilias, A., Berger, M., Vasakis, E., Bielza, P., Zimmer, C. T., Williamson, M. S., ffrench-Constant, R. H., Vontas, J., Roditakise, E., and Bass, C. (2019). The evolution of multiple-insecticide resistance in UK populations of tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta. Pest Management Science.
G19007	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Bahia-- Iraquara	Silva, W., Berger, M., Bass, C., Williamson, M., Moura, D., Ribeiro, L., and Siqueira, H. (2016). Mutation (G275E) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha-6 subunit is associated with high levels of resistance to spinosyns in Tuta absoluta (Meyrick)(Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 131 1-8.
G19008	2016	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Brazil-- Bahia-- Iraquara	Silva, W., Berger, M., Bass, C., Williamson, M., Moura, D., Ribeiro, L., and Siqueira, H. (2016). Mutation (G275E) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha-6 subunit is associated with high levels of resistance to spinosyns in Tuta absoluta (Meyrick)(Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 131 1-8.
G20072	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	United Kingdom-- Worcestershire-- Evesham	Grant, C., Jacobson, R., Ilias, A., Berger, M., Vasakis, E., Bielza, P., Zimmer, C. T., Williamson, M. S., ffrench-Constant, R. H., Vontas, J., Roditakise, E., and Bass, C. (2019). The evolution of multiple-insecticide resistance in UK populations of tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta. Pest Management Science.
G20090	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	United Kingdom-- Lacanshire	Grant, C., Jacobson, R., Ilias, A., Berger, M., Vasakis, E., Bielza, P., Zimmer, C. T., Williamson, M. S., ffrench-Constant, R. H., Vontas, J., Roditakise, E., and Bass, C. (2019). The evolution of multiple-insecticide resistance in UK populations of tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta. Pest Management Science.
G15550	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Chile-- Arica	Reyes, M., Rocha, K., Alarcón, L., Siegwart, M., and Sauphanor, B. (2012). Metabolic mechanisms involved in the resistance of field populations of tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) to spinosad. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 102 45-50.
G15551	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Chile-- Arica	Reyes, M., Rocha, K., Alarcón, L., Siegwart, M., and Sauphanor, B. (2012). Metabolic mechanisms involved in the resistance of field populations of tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) to spinosad. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 102 45-50.
G15552	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Chile-- Arica	Reyes, M., Rocha, K., Alarcón, L., Siegwart, M., and Sauphanor, B. (2012). Metabolic mechanisms involved in the resistance of field populations of tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) to spinosad. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 102 45-50.
G15553	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Chile-- Maule	Reyes, M., Rocha, K., Alarcón, L., Siegwart, M., and Sauphanor, B. (2012). Metabolic mechanisms involved in the resistance of field populations of tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) to spinosad. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 102 45-50.
G15554	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Chile-- Los Ríos	Reyes, M., Rocha, K., Alarcón, L., Siegwart, M., and Sauphanor, B. (2012). Metabolic mechanisms involved in the resistance of field populations of tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) to spinosad. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 102 45-50.
G18023	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Goias-- Anapolis	Campos, R. M., Silva, M. B. T., Silva, M. W., Silva, E. J., and Siqueira, A. A. H. (2015). Spinosyn resistance in the tomato borer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) ( Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Journal of Pest Science , 88 405-412.
G18025	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Espirito Santo-- Venda Nova do imigrante	Campos, R. M., Silva, M. B. T., Silva, M. W., Silva, E. J., and Siqueira, A. A. H. (2015). Spinosyn resistance in the tomato borer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) ( Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Journal of Pest Science , 88 405-412.
G18026	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Bahia-- Iraquara	Campos, R. M., Silva, M. B. T., Silva, M. W., Silva, E. J., and Siqueira, A. A. H. (2015). Spinosyn resistance in the tomato borer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) ( Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Journal of Pest Science , 88 405-412.
G18027	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo-- Sumare	Campos, R. M., Silva, M. B. T., Silva, M. W., Silva, E. J., and Siqueira, A. A. H. (2015). Spinosyn resistance in the tomato borer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) ( Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Journal of Pest Science , 88 405-412.
G18022	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Ceara-- Tiangua	Campos, R. M., Silva, M. B. T., Silva, M. W., Silva, E. J., and Siqueira, A. A. H. (2015). Spinosyn resistance in the tomato borer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) ( Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Journal of Pest Science , 88 405-412.
G18024	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Ceara-- Guaraciaba do Norte	Campos, R. M., Silva, M. B. T., Silva, M. W., Silva, E. J., and Siqueira, A. A. H. (2015). Spinosyn resistance in the tomato borer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) ( Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Journal of Pest Science , 88 405-412.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.