Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: helicoverpa armigera

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	cotton bollworm	AG	cotton, corn, sorghum, tomato

Active Ingredient: spinosad

MOA: Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor agonists (allosteric), Spinosyns
Group: SPIN	CAS #: 131929-60-7	Shaugnessy Code: 110003

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G17504	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Qayyum, M., Wakil, W., Arif, M., Sahi, S., Saeed, N., and Russell, D. (2015). Multiple Resistances Against Formulated Organophosphates, Pyrethroids, and Newer-Chemistry Insecticides in Populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-8.
G17505	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Muzaffargarh	Qayyum, M., Wakil, W., Arif, M., Sahi, S., Saeed, N., and Russell, D. (2015). Multiple Resistances Against Formulated Organophosphates, Pyrethroids, and Newer-Chemistry Insecticides in Populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-8.
G17506	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Pakpattan	Qayyum, M., Wakil, W., Arif, M., Sahi, S., Saeed, N., and Russell, D. (2015). Multiple Resistances Against Formulated Organophosphates, Pyrethroids, and Newer-Chemistry Insecticides in Populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-8.
G13871	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab	Alvi, A., Sayyed, A., Naeem, M., and Ali, M. (2012). Field Evolved Resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry1Ac in Pakistan. Public Library of Science One, 7 1-9.
G13906	2012	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Pakistan-- Punjab	Alvi, A., Sayyed, A., Naeem, M., and Ali, M. (2012). Field Evolved Resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry1Ac in Pakistan. Public Library of Science One, 7 1-9.
G13922	2012	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Pakistan-- Punjab	Alvi, A., Sayyed, A., Naeem, M., and Ali, M. (2012). Field Evolved Resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry1Ac in Pakistan. Public Library of Science One, 7 1-9.
G10900	2009	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	China-- Shandong	D. Wang, W. Qiu, X. Ren, F. Niu, K. Wang. (2009). Resistance selection and biochemical characterization of spinosad resistance in Helicoverpa armigera. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 95 90-94.
G10908	2009	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	China-- Shandong	D. Wang, W. Qiu, X. Ren, F. Niu, K. Wang. (2009). Resistance selection and biochemical characterization of spinosad resistance in Helicoverpa armigera. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 95 90-94.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.