Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: spodoptera litura

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	mediterranean climbing cutworm	AG	Tobacco

Active Ingredient: spinosad

MOA: Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor agonists (allosteric), Spinosyns
Group: SPIN	CAS #: 131929-60-7	Shaugnessy Code: 110003

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G16194	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Rehan, A., Freed, S. (2014). Resistance selection, mechanism and stability of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to methoxyfenozide. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 110 7-12.
G15565	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Mianchanu	Rehan, A., and Freed, S. (2014). Selection, mechanism, cross resistance and stability of spinosad resistance in Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Crop Protection, 56 10-15.
G15564	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Mianchanu	Rehan, A., and Freed, S. (2014). Selection, mechanism, cross resistance and stability of spinosad resistance in Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Crop Protection, 56 10-15.
G15563	2014	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Mianchanu	Rehan, A., and Freed, S. (2014). Selection, mechanism, cross resistance and stability of spinosad resistance in Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Crop Protection, 56 10-15.
G18819	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Faisalabad	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18808	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Bahawalpur	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18813	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Dunyapur	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18816	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18815	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18818	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Faisalabad	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18812	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Dunyapur	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18810	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Kahror Pacca	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18807	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Bahawalpur	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18814	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18811	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Dunyapur	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18817	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Faisalabad	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18809	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Kahror Pacca	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G9904	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Sayyed, A.H., Ahmad, M., Saleem, M.A. (2008). Cross-Resistance and Genetics of Resistance to Indoxacarb in Spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 472-479.
G8733	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Sahiwal	Ahmad, M., Sayyed, A. H., Saleem, M. A., and Ahmad, M. (2008). Evidence for field evolved resistance to newer insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 27 1367-1372.
G8727	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Sahiwal	Ahmad, M., Sayyed, A. H., Saleem, M. A., and Ahmad, M. (2008). Evidence for field evolved resistance to newer insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 27 1367-1372.
G14415	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Multan	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G8730	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- DGK	Ahmad, M., Sayyed, A. H., Saleem, M. A., and Ahmad, M. (2008). Evidence for field evolved resistance to newer insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 27 1367-1372.
G14412	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Multan	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G8737	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Vehari	Ahmad, M., Sayyed, A. H., Saleem, M. A., and Ahmad, M. (2008). Evidence for field evolved resistance to newer insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 27 1367-1372.
G8735	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Sahiwal	Ahmad, M., Sayyed, A. H., Saleem, M. A., and Ahmad, M. (2008). Evidence for field evolved resistance to newer insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 27 1367-1372.
G8726	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Sahiwal	Ahmad, M., Sayyed, A. H., Saleem, M. A., and Ahmad, M. (2008). Evidence for field evolved resistance to newer insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 27 1367-1372.
G14411	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Lodhran	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G14410	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Bahawalpur	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G8734	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Sahiwal	Ahmad, M., Sayyed, A. H., Saleem, M. A., and Ahmad, M. (2008). Evidence for field evolved resistance to newer insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 27 1367-1372.
G8732	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Sahiwal	Ahmad, M., Sayyed, A. H., Saleem, M. A., and Ahmad, M. (2008). Evidence for field evolved resistance to newer insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 27 1367-1372.
G8729	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- DGK	Ahmad, M., Sayyed, A. H., Saleem, M. A., and Ahmad, M. (2008). Evidence for field evolved resistance to newer insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 27 1367-1372.
G14416	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Lodhran	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G14414	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Rahimyar Khan	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G14413	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Lodhran	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G14409	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Bahawalpur	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G8736	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Vehari	Ahmad, M., Sayyed, A. H., Saleem, M. A., and Ahmad, M. (2008). Evidence for field evolved resistance to newer insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 27 1367-1372.
G8731	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Sahiwal	Ahmad, M., Sayyed, A. H., Saleem, M. A., and Ahmad, M. (2008). Evidence for field evolved resistance to newer insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 27 1367-1372.
G8728	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- DGK	Ahmad, M., Sayyed, A. H., Saleem, M. A., and Ahmad, M. (2008). Evidence for field evolved resistance to newer insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 27 1367-1372.
G8725	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Sahiwal	Ahmad, M., Sayyed, A. H., Saleem, M. A., and Ahmad, M. (2008). Evidence for field evolved resistance to newer insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 27 1367-1372.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.