Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: spodoptera exigua

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	beet army worm, lesser army worm	AG	cotton, tomato, celery, lettuce, cabbage and alfalfa

Active Ingredient: spinosad

MOA: Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor agonists (allosteric), Spinosyns
Group: SPIN	CAS #: 131929-60-7	Shaugnessy Code: 110003

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G20347	2020	Lab selected*	China-- Hubei-- Wuhan	Zuo, Y., Xue, Y., Lu, W., Ma, H., Chen, M., Wu, Y., Yang, Y., and Hu, Z. (2020). Functional validation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ⊍6 as a target of spinosyns in Spodoptera exigua utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Pest Management Science.
G20095	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G20833	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shanghai-- Fengxian	Wang P, Yang F, Wang Y, Zhou LL, Luo HB, Zhang S and Si SY. (2021). Monitoring the Resistance of the Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Four Insecticides in Southern China from 2014 to 2018 . Journal of Economic Entomology, 1 114.
G20831	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Guangzhou-- Baiyun	Wang P, Yang F, Wang Y, Zhou LL, Luo HB, Zhang S and Si SY. (2021). Monitoring the Resistance of the Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Four Insecticides in Southern China from 2014 to 2018 . Journal of Economic Entomology, 1 114.
G20094	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G20093	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G20092	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G20091	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G20832	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shanghai-- Fengxian	Wang P, Yang F, Wang Y, Zhou LL, Luo HB, Zhang S and Si SY. (2021). Monitoring the Resistance of the Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Four Insecticides in Southern China from 2014 to 2018 . Journal of Economic Entomology, 1 114.
G20089	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G15322	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shanghai-- Fengxian	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G20088	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G16111	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shandong-- Binzhou	Gao, M., Li, X., Mu, W., Zhang, P., Zhou, C. (2014). Resistant levels of Spodoptera exigua to eight various insecticides in Shandong, China. Journal of Pesticide Science, 39 7-13.
G16110	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shandong-- Zhangqui	Gao, M., Li, X., Mu, W., Zhang, P., Zhou, C. (2014). Resistant levels of Spodoptera exigua to eight various insecticides in Shandong, China. Journal of Pesticide Science, 39 7-13.
G16109	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shandong-- Anqiu	Gao, M., Li, X., Mu, W., Zhang, P., Zhou, C. (2014). Resistant levels of Spodoptera exigua to eight various insecticides in Shandong, China. Journal of Pesticide Science, 39 7-13.
G16108	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shandong-- Tengzhou	Gao, M., Li, X., Mu, W., Zhang, P., Zhou, C. (2014). Resistant levels of Spodoptera exigua to eight various insecticides in Shandong, China. Journal of Pesticide Science, 39 7-13.
G16115	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shandong-- Zhangqui	Gao, M., Li, X., Mu, W., Zhang, P., Zhou, C. (2014). Resistant levels of Spodoptera exigua to eight various insecticides in Shandong, China. Journal of Pesticide Science, 39 7-13.
G16106	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shandong-- Binzhou	Gao, M., Li, X., Mu, W., Zhang, P., Zhou, C. (2014). Resistant levels of Spodoptera exigua to eight various insecticides in Shandong, China. Journal of Pesticide Science, 39 7-13.
G16105	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shandong-- Anqiu	Gao, M., Li, X., Mu, W., Zhang, P., Zhou, C. (2014). Resistant levels of Spodoptera exigua to eight various insecticides in Shandong, China. Journal of Pesticide Science, 39 7-13.
G16104	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shandong-- Zhangqui	Gao, M., Li, X., Mu, W., Zhang, P., Zhou, C. (2014). Resistant levels of Spodoptera exigua to eight various insecticides in Shandong, China. Journal of Pesticide Science, 39 7-13.
G15991	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Guangdong-- Huizhou	Su, J., and Sun, X. (2014). High level of metaflumizone resistance and multiple insecticide resistance in field populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Guangdong Province, China. Crop Protection, 61 58-63.
G15315	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Sichuan-- Yibin	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G20087	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G20086	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G16306	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Khanewal	Ishtiaq, M., Razaq, M., Saleem, M. A., Anjum, F., Noor ul Ane, M., Raza, A. M., and Wright, D. (2014). Stability, cross-resistance and fitness costs of resistance to emamectin benzoate in a re-selected field population of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Crop Protection, 65 227-231.
G13447	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Vehari	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G13441	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Dunyapur	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G13442	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Dunyapur	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G13443	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Dunyapur	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G13444	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Lodhran	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G13438	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G13437	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G12923	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Dera Ghazi Khan	Ishtiaq M., and Mushtaq A. Saleem. (2011). Generating Susceptible Strain and Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) Against some Conventional and New Chemistry Insectivides in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 104 1343-1348.
G12922	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ishtiaq M., and Mushtaq A. Saleem. (2011). Generating Susceptible Strain and Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) Against some Conventional and New Chemistry Insectivides in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 104 1343-1348.
G13445	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Lodhran	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G15321	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shanghai-- Fengxian	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G13446	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Lodhran	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G13448	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Vehari	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G13449	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Vehari	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G14870	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Lodhran	Ishtiaq, M., Saleem, M. A., Wright, D.J. (2012). Stability, Cross-resistance and Effect of Synergists, PBO and DEF, on Deltamethrin Resistant Strain of Spodoptera exiqua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 44 1677-1682.
G15314	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Yunnan-- Jinning	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G20085	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G13439	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Shujabad	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G13440	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Shujabad	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G15316	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shanxi-- Yanliang	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G15317	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Jiangxi-- Yongxiu	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G15318	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Fujian-- Longhai	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G15319	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Jiangsu-- Luhe	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G15320	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shanghai-- Fengxian	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G20084	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G20083	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G20082	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G8505	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Guanajuato-- Salvatierra	Osorio, A., Martinez, A. M., Schneider, M. I., Diaz, O., Corrales, J., Aviles, M. C., Smagghe, G., and Pineda, A. (2008). Monitoring of beet armyworm resistance to spinosad and methoxyfenozide in Mexico. Pest Management Science, 64 1001-1007.
G8504	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Sinaloa-- Culiacan	Osorio, A., Martinez, A. M., Schneider, M. I., Diaz, O., Corrales, J., Aviles, M. C., Smagghe, G., and Pineda, A. (2008). Monitoring of beet armyworm resistance to spinosad and methoxyfenozide in Mexico. Pest Management Science, 64 1001-1007.
G7374	2006	Unspecified	China-- Shanghai-- Shanghai suburban	Wang, W., Mo, J., Cheng, J., Zhuang, P., Tang, Z. (2006). Selection and characterization of spinosad resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pesticide Biochemisty and Physiology, 84 180-187.
G8502	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Sinaloa-- Culiacan	Osorio, A., Martinez, A. M., Schneider, M. I., Diaz, O., Corrales, J., Aviles, M. C., Smagghe, G., and Pineda, A. (2008). Monitoring of beet armyworm resistance to spinosad and methoxyfenozide in Mexico. Pest Management Science, 64 1001-1007.
G8503	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Sinaloa-- Culiacan	Osorio, A., Martinez, A. M., Schneider, M. I., Diaz, O., Corrales, J., Aviles, M. C., Smagghe, G., and Pineda, A. (2008). Monitoring of beet armyworm resistance to spinosad and methoxyfenozide in Mexico. Pest Management Science, 64 1001-1007.
G20081	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G6409	2000	Unspecified	Thailand-- Bangbuatong	Moulton, J.K., D. Pepper, and T.J. Dennehy. (2000). Beet Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) resistance to spinosad. Pest Manag Sci, 56 842-848.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.