Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: musca domestica

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
diptera	muscidae	house fly	MED

Active Ingredient: spinosad

MOA: Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor agonists (allosteric), Spinosyns
Group: SPIN	CAS #: 131929-60-7	Shaugnessy Code: 110003

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G21140	2020	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	China	Zhang Y, Guo M, Ma Z, You C, Gao X and Shi X. (2020). Esterase-mediated spinosad resistance in house flies Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) . Ecotoxicology, 29 35-44.
G21141	2020	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	China	Zhang Y, Guo M, Ma Z, You C, Gao X and Shi X. (2020). Esterase-mediated spinosad resistance in house flies Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) . Ecotoxicology, 29 35-44.
G20044	2019	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	China	Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Ma, Z., Zhaia, D., Gao, X., and Shi, X. (2019). Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases-mediated sex-differential spinosad resistance in house flies Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) . Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology.
G19763	2017	Lab selected*	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Shah, R., Shad, S., and Abbas, N. (2017). Methoxyfenozide resistance of the housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae): cross-resistance patterns, stability and associated fitness costs. Pest Management Science, 73 254-261.
G16072	2014	Lab selected* Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Lahore	Khan, H.A.A., Akram, W., Ali Shad, S. (2014). Genetics, cross-resistance and mechanism of resistance to spinosad in a field strain of Musca domestica L.(Diptera:Muscidae). Acta Tropica, 130 148-154.
G13190	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Beijing	Shi, J., Zhang, L., and Gao, X. (2011). Characterisation of spinosad resistance in the housefly Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). Pest Management Science, 67 335-340.
G7078	2003	Unspecified	USA	Shono, T., and J.G. Scott. (2003). Spinosad resistance in the housefly, Musca domestica, is due to a recessive factor on autosome 1. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 75(1) 1-7.
G5978	2003	Unspecified	USA-- New York	Shono, T., and J.G. Scott. (2003). Spinosad resistance in the housefly, Musca domestica, is due to a recessive factor on autosome 1. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 75(1) 1-7.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.