Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: earias vittella

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	the spotted bollworm	AG	cotton

Active Ingredient: Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki

MOA: Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes (includes transgenic crops), Bacillus thuringiensis var.inhibitors kurstaki
Group: BAC	CAS #: 0	Shaugnessy Code: 6402

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G21359	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Jalalpur	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21376	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Tandliawala	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21375	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Sammundri	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21374	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Jaranwala	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21372	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Basti Malook	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21370	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Shujabad	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21369	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Multan	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21368	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Taxilla	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21367	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Hassan Abdal	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21366	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Kahuta	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21365	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Rawalpindi	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21364	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Tandliawala	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21363	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Sammundri	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21361	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Faisalabad	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21360	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Basti Malook	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21342	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Fateh Jhang	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21350	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Faisalabad	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21343	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Multan	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21344	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Hassan Abdal	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21345	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Taxilla	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21346	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Multan	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21347	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Shujabad	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21348	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Jalalpur	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21349	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Basti Malook	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21358	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Shujabad	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21351	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Jaranwala	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21352	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Sammundri	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21353	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Tandliawala	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21354	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Fateh Jhang	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21355	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Hassan Abdal	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21356	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Taxilla	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21357	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Multan	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21371	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Jalalpur	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21362	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Jaranwala	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.
G21373	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Faisalabad	Ahmad, S.F., Gulzar, A., Tariq, M., & Asad, M.J. (2021). Field Evolved Resistance in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Punjab, Pakistan Against Commercial Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki.. Journal of Economic Entomology, 114 2204 - 2213.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.