Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: phenacoccus solenopsis

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
homoptera	pseudococcidae	cotton mealybug	AG	cotton, ornamentals, vegetable crops

Active Ingredient: profenofos

MOA: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors, Organophophates
Group: OP	CAS #: 41198087	Shaugnessy Code: 111401

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G22131	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	India-- Chhindwara	Shankarganesh, K., Ricupero, M. & Sabtharishi, S. (2022). Field evolved insecticide resistance in the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis and its direct and indirect impacts on the endoparasitoid Aenasius arizonensis.. Scientific Reports, 12.
G22129	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	India-- Saoner	Shankarganesh, K., Ricupero, M. & Sabtharishi, S. (2022). Field evolved insecticide resistance in the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis and its direct and indirect impacts on the endoparasitoid Aenasius arizonensis.. Scientific Reports, 12.
G22128	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	India-- Ludhiana	Shankarganesh, K., Ricupero, M. & Sabtharishi, S. (2022). Field evolved insecticide resistance in the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis and its direct and indirect impacts on the endoparasitoid Aenasius arizonensis.. Scientific Reports, 12.
G22127	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	India-- Junagadh	Shankarganesh, K., Ricupero, M. & Sabtharishi, S. (2022). Field evolved insecticide resistance in the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis and its direct and indirect impacts on the endoparasitoid Aenasius arizonensis.. Scientific Reports, 12.
G21694	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	India-- Madhya Pradesh	Shankarganesh, K., Ricupero, M., and Sabtharishi, S. (2022). Field evolved insecticide resistance in the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis and its direct and indirect impacts on the endoparasitoid Aenasius arizonensis.. Scientific Reports, 12(1) 1-13.
G21693	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	India-- Maharashtra	Shankarganesh, K., Ricupero, M., and Sabtharishi, S. (2022). Field evolved insecticide resistance in the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis and its direct and indirect impacts on the endoparasitoid Aenasius arizonensis.. Scientific Reports, 12(1) 1-13.
G21691	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	India-- Punjab	Shankarganesh, K., Ricupero, M., and Sabtharishi, S. (2022). Field evolved insecticide resistance in the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis and its direct and indirect impacts on the endoparasitoid Aenasius arizonensis.. Scientific Reports, 12(1) 1-13.
G21690	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	India-- Gujarat	Shankarganesh, K., Ricupero, M., and Sabtharishi, S. (2022). Field evolved insecticide resistance in the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis and its direct and indirect impacts on the endoparasitoid Aenasius arizonensis.. Scientific Reports, 12(1) 1-13.
G19080	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Faisalabad	Ahmad, M. and Akhtar, S. (2016). Development of resistance to insecticide in the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 88 96-102.
G19079	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Gujranwata	Ahmad, M. and Akhtar, S. (2016). Development of resistance to insecticide in the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 88 96-102.
G19078	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Gujrat	Ahmad, M. and Akhtar, S. (2016). Development of resistance to insecticide in the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 88 96-102.
G16554	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Bahawalpur	Saddiq, B., Shad, S. A., Ali Khan, H. A., Aslam, M., Ejaz, M., and Afzal, M. B. S. (2014). Resistance in the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan to selected organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides. Crop Protection, 66 29-33.
G16494	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Mailsi	Saddiq, B., Shad, S. A., Ali Khan, H. A., Aslam, M., Ejaz, M., and Afzal, M. B. S. (2014). Resistance in the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan to selected organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides. Crop Protection, 66 29-33.
G16478	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Saddiq, B., Shad, S. A., Ali Khan, H. A., Aslam, M., Ejaz, M., and Afzal, M. B. S. (2014). Resistance in the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan to selected organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides. Crop Protection, 66 29-33.
G19077	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Lahore	Ahmad, M. and Akhtar, S. (2016). Development of resistance to insecticide in the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 88 96-102.
G16487	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Muzaffargarh	Saddiq, B., Shad, S. A., Ali Khan, H. A., Aslam, M., Ejaz, M., and Afzal, M. B. S. (2014). Resistance in the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan to selected organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides. Crop Protection, 66 29-33.
G16485	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Khanewal	Saddiq, B., Shad, S. A., Ali Khan, H. A., Aslam, M., Ejaz, M., and Afzal, M. B. S. (2014). Resistance in the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan to selected organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides. Crop Protection, 66 29-33.
G19076	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Faisalabad	Ahmad, M. and Akhtar, S. (2016). Development of resistance to insecticide in the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 88 96-102.
G19075	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Faisalabad	Ahmad, M. and Akhtar, S. (2016). Development of resistance to insecticide in the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 88 96-102.
G19074	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Faisalabad	Ahmad, M. and Akhtar, S. (2016). Development of resistance to insecticide in the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 88 96-102.
G19073	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Faisalabad	Ahmad, M. and Akhtar, S. (2016). Development of resistance to insecticide in the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 88 96-102.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.