Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: helicoverpa armigera

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	cotton bollworm	AG	cotton, corn, sorghum, tomato

Active Ingredient: phoxim

MOA: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors, Organophophates
Group: OP	CAS #: 14816183	Shaugnessy Code: 598800

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G20631	2017	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hebei-- Qiuxian County	Lidong Pan, Ming Shi, Jin Chen, Qi Wei and Congfen Gao. (2017). Resistance monitoring of larvae treated with Bt cotton and pesticides in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Oriental Insects, 51 285-296.
G20630	2017	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hebei-- Qiuxian County	Lidong Pan, Ming Shi, Jin Chen, Qi Wei and Congfen Gao. (2017). Resistance monitoring of larvae treated with Bt cotton and pesticides in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Oriental Insects, 51 285-296.
G7092	2004	Unspecified	Pakistan-- Lahore	Yang, Y., Wu. Y., Chen, S., Devine, G.J., Denholm, I., Jewess, P., Moores, G.D. (2004). The involvement of microsomal oxidases in pyrethroid resistance in Helicoverpa armigera from Asia. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 34 763-773.
G6942	2005	Unspecified	China-- Shandong-- Linqing	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6940	2005	Unspecified	China-- Liaoning-- Liaoyang	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6941	2005	Unspecified	China-- Beijing-- Haidian	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6943	2005	Unspecified	China-- Shandong-- Taian	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6944	2005	Unspecified	China-- Shandong-- Xiajin	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6945	2005	Unspecified	China-- Shandong-- Dezhou	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6946	2005	Unspecified	China-- Shandong-- Changdao	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6794	2004	Unspecified	China	Yang, Y., Wu. Y., Chen, S., Devine, G.J., Denholm, I., Jewess, P., Moores, G.D. (2004). The involvement of microsomal oxidases in pyrethroid resistance in Helicoverpa armigera from Asia. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 34 763-773.
G6789	2005	Unspecified	China-- Henan-- Xinxiang	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6788	2005	Unspecified	China-- Shandong-- Taian	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6787	2005	Unspecified	China-- Shandong-- Dezhou	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6559	2005	Unspecified	China-- Hebei-- Shijiazhuang	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6561	2005	Unspecified	China-- Liaoning-- Shenyang	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6560	2005	Unspecified	China-- Beijing-- Haidian	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6558	2005	Unspecified	China-- Shandong-- Dezhou	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6557	2005	Unspecified	China-- Henan-- Xinxiang	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6361	2005	Unspecified	China-- Shandong-- Dezhou	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6359	2005	Unspecified	China-- Henan-- Xinxiang	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6360	2005	Unspecified	China-- Shandong-- Dongying	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6362	2005	Unspecified	China-- Hebei-- Suning	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6363	2005	Unspecified	China-- Hebei-- Tangxian	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6364	2005	Unspecified	China-- Hebei-- Hejian	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6366	2005	Unspecified	China-- Hebei-- Langfang	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6367	2005	Unspecified	China-- Beijing-- Haidian	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6218	2005	Unspecified	China-- Beijing-- Haidian	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6217	2005	Unspecified	China-- Hebei-- Langfang	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6216	2005	Unspecified	China-- Hebei-- Cixian	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6215	2005	Unspecified	China-- Shandong-- Dezhou	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6214	2005	Unspecified	China-- Henan-- Xinxiang	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G6213	2005	Unspecified	China-- Henan-- Zhengzhou	Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61 491-498.
G5870	1997	Unspecified	China-- Hunan	Wu, K., G. Liang, and Y. Guo. (1997). Phoxim Resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 90(4) 868-872.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.