Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: rhipicephalus microplus

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
acari	ixodidae	southern/tropical cattle tick	MED	cattle

Active Ingredient: permethrin

MOA: Sodium channel modulators, Pyrethroids, Pyrethrins, DDT
Group: PYR	CAS #: 52645-53-1	Shaugnessy Code: 109701

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G17015	2007	Lab selected*	USA-- Texas-- Hidalgo	Miller, R., Davey, R., and George, J. (2007). First Report of Permethrin-Resistant Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected Within the United States. Journal of Medical Entomology, 44 (2) 308-315.
G7791	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Texas-- Hidalgo	Miller, Robert, J. Davey, Ronald, B. and George, John, E. (2007). First Report of Permethrin-Resistant Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected Within the United States. Journal of Medcail Entomology, 44(2) 308-315.
G7792	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Texas-- Hidalgo	Miller, Robert, J. Davey, Ronald, B. and George, John, E. (2007). First Report of Permethrin-Resistant Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected Within the United States. Journal of Medcail Entomology, 44(2) 308-315.
G7823	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil	Li, Andrew Y., Chen, Andrew C., Miller, Robert J., Davey, Ronald B., and George,John E. (2007). Acaricide resistance and synergism between permethrin and amitraz against susceptible and resistant strains of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Pest Management Science, 62 822-889.
G7822	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	USA	Li, Andrew Y., Chen, Andrew C., Miller, Robert J., Davey, Ronald B., and George,John E. (2007). Acaricide resistance and synergism between permethrin and amitraz against susceptible and resistant strains of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Pest Management Science, 62 822-889.
G7824	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Tamaulipas	Li, Andrew Y., Chen, Andrew C., Miller, Robert J., Davey, Ronald B., and George,John E. (2007). Acaricide resistance and synergism between permethrin and amitraz against susceptible and resistant strains of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Pest Management Science, 62 822-889.
G8664	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil	Li, A. Y., Davey, R. B., Miller, R. J., Guerrero, F. D., and George, J. E. (2008). Genetics and Mechanism of Permethrin Resistance in the Santa Luiza Strain of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 45 4277-438.
G8665	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil	Li, A. Y., Davey, R. B., Miller, R. J., Guerrero, F. D., and George, J. E. (2008). Genetics and Mechanism of Permethrin Resistance in the Santa Luiza Strain of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 45 4277-438.
G8667	2008	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Brazil	Li, A. Y., Davey, R. B., Miller, R. J., Guerrero, F. D., and George, J. E. (2008). Genetics and Mechanism of Permethrin Resistance in the Santa Luiza Strain of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 45 4277-438.
G16864	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Tamaulipas-- Soto la Marina	Miller, R. J., Almazan, C., Ortiz-Estrada, M., Davey, R. B., George, J. E., and Perez De Leon, A. (2013). First report of fipronil resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus of Mexico. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 97-101.
G16862	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Tamaulipas-- Victoria	Miller, R. J., Almazan, C., Ortiz-Estrada, M., Davey, R. B., George, J. E., and Perez De Leon, A. (2013). First report of fipronil resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus of Mexico. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 97-101.
G16860	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Tamaulipas-- Victoria	Miller, R. J., Almazan, C., Ortiz-Estrada, M., Davey, R. B., George, J. E., and Perez De Leon, A. (2013). First report of fipronil resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus of Mexico. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 97-101.
G16867	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Tamaulipas-- Soto la Marina	Miller, R. J., Almazan, C., Ortiz-Estrada, M., Davey, R. B., George, J. E., and Perez De Leon, A. (2013). First report of fipronil resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus of Mexico. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 97-101.
G19021	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	USA	Li, A., Chen, A., Miller, R., Davey, R., and George, J. (2007). Acaricide resistance and synergism between permethrin and amitraz against susceptible and resistant strains of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Pest Management Science , 63 882-889.
G10566	2004	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Brazil-- Santa Luzia	Li, A. Y., Davey, R. B., Miller, R. J., and George, J. E. (2004). Detection and Characterization of Amitraz Resistance in the Southern Cattle Tick, Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 41(2) 193-200.
G17028	2004	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Santa Luiza	Li, A. Y., Davey, R. B., Miller, R. J., and George, J. E. (2004). Detection and Characterization of Amitraz Resistance in the Southern Cattle Tick, Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 41(2) 193-200.
G17052	2002	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Tabasco-- Emiliano Zapata	Cespedes, N.S., Vargas, M.S., Sanchez, H.F., and Vazquez, Z.G. (2002). First Case reported of Amitraz resistance in the cattle tick Boophilus microplus in Mexico. Tecnica Pecuaria en Mexico, 40(1) 81-92.
G17055	2002	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Tabasco-- Emiliano Zapata	Cespedes, N.S., Vargas, M.S., Sanchez, H.F., and Vazquez, Z.G. (2002). First Case reported of Amitraz resistance in the cattle tick Boophilus microplus in Mexico. Tecnica Pecuaria en Mexico, 40(1) 81-92.
G15944	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Nuevo Leon-- Pesqueria	Li, A. Y., Davey, R. B., and Miller, R. J. (2010). Laboratory Evaluation of Verbutin as a Synergist of Acaricides Against Larvae of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 103(4) 1360-1364.
G15945	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Minas Gerais-- Santa Luiza	Li, A. Y., Davey, R. B., and Miller, R. J. (2010). Laboratory Evaluation of Verbutin as a Synergist of Acaricides Against Larvae of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 103(4) 1360-1364.
G6328	1999	Unspecified	Mexico-- Veracruz-- Coatzacoalcos	Miller, R.J., R.B. Davey, and J.E. George. (1999). Characterization of Pyrethroid Resistance and Susceptibility to Coumaphos in Mexican Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae).. Journal of Medical Entomolgoy, (36)5 533-538.
G6327	1999	Unspecified	Mexico-- Tamaulipas-- Sota la Marina	Miller, R.J., R.B. Davey, and J.E. George. (1999). Characterization of Pyrethroid Resistance and Susceptibility to Coumaphos in Mexican Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae).. Journal of Medical Entomolgoy, (36)5 533-538.
G6326	1999	Unspecified	Mexico-- Colima	Miller, R.J., R.B. Davey, and J.E. George. (1999). Characterization of Pyrethroid Resistance and Susceptibility to Coumaphos in Mexican Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae).. Journal of Medical Entomolgoy, (36)5 533-538.
G15946	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Tamaulipas	Li, A. Y., Davey, R. B., and Miller, R. J. (2010). Laboratory Evaluation of Verbutin as a Synergist of Acaricides Against Larvae of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 103(4) 1360-1364.
G16994	2006	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Mexico-- Tamaulipas-- Soto la Marina	Davey, R. B., George, J. E., and Miller, R. J. (2006). Comparison of the reproductive biology between acaricide-resistant and acaricide-susceptible Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Veterinary Parasitology, 139 211-220.
G3558	1979	Field Evolved Resistance	Australia-- Queensland	Nolan, J., Roulston, W. J. and Schnitzerling, H. J. (1979). The potential of some synthetic pyrethroids for control of the cattle tick (Boophilus microplus).. Aust. Vet. Jounral., 55 463-66.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.