Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: pseudoplusia includens

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	soybean looper	AG	soybean

Active Ingredient: permethrin

MOA: Sodium channel modulators, Pyrethroids, Pyrethrins, DDT
Group: PYR	CAS #: 52645-53-1	Shaugnessy Code: 109701

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G5736	1996	Unspecified	USA	Thomas, J.D., J.A. Ottea, D.J. Boethel, and S. Ibrahim. (1996). Factors influencing pyrethroid resistance in a permethrin selected strain of the soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 55 1-9.
G5629	1995	Unspecified	USA	Thomas, J.D., and D.J. Boethel. (1995). Inheritance of Permethrin Resistance in the Soybean Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 88(6) 1536-1541.
G5878	1997	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana -- Jennings	Mascarenhas, R.N., and D.J. Boethel. (1997). Responses of Field Collected Strains of Soybean Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to selected Insecticides using an artificial diet overlay bioassay. Journal of Economic Entomology, 90(5) 1117-1124.
G5534	1994	Unspecified	USA	Thomas, J.D., and D.J. Boethel. (1994). Synergism of Insecticides in Tests with Resistant Soybean Looper Larvae (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) in the Laboratory and Field. Journal of Economic Entomology, 87(6) 1416-1422.
G5463	1993	Unspecified	USA	Mink, J.S., and D.J. Boethel. (1993). Feeding Activity and Mortality of Permethrin-Resistant and Susceptible soybean looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae on Soybean Foliage Treated with Insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 86(2) 265-274.
G5497	1993	Unspecified	USA	Thomas, J.D., and D.J. Boethel. (1993). Diet Influences on Permethrin Susceptibility and Growth of Soybean Looper Larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 86(4) 1236-1240.
G11085	1993	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Mississippi-- Holmes	Portillo, H.E., Felland, C.M., Pitre, H.N., and Porter, R.P. (1993). Pyrethroid Resistance Levels in Soybean Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Mississippi. The Florida Entomologist, 76 577-584.
G5257	1990	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Louisiana	Roger, L. B., Boethel, D. J. Sparks, A. J., Jr., Layton, M. D., Mink, J. S., Pavlof, A. M., Burris, E. and Graves, J. B. (1990). Variation in response of soybean looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to selected insecticides in Louisiana.. J. Econ. Entomol., 83 27-34.
G11084	1993	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Mississippi-- Holmes	Portillo, H.E., Felland, C.M., Pitre, H.N., and Porter, R.P. (1993). Pyrethroid Resistance Levels in Soybean Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Mississippi. The Florida Entomologist, 76 577-584.
G11083	1993	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Mississippi-- Holmes	Portillo, H.E., Felland, C.M., Pitre, H.N., and Porter, R.P. (1993). Pyrethroid Resistance Levels in Soybean Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Mississippi. The Florida Entomologist, 76 577-584.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.