Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: heliothis virescens

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	tobacco budworm	AG	chickpea, corn, cotton, tobacco

Active Ingredient: Bacillus thuringiensis (var. unspecified)

MOA: Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes (includes transgenic crops), Bacillus thuringiensis (variety unstated)
Group: BAC	CAS #: 0	Shaugnessy Code: 6400

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G5605	1995	Unspecified	USA	Gould, F., A. Anderson, A. Reynolds, L. Bumgarner, and W. Moar. (1995). Selection and Genetic Analysis of A heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Strain with High Levels of Resistance to Bacillus Thuringiensis toxins. Journal of Economic Entomology, 88(6) 1545-1559.
G5632	1995	Unspecified	USA	Gould, F., A. Anderson, A. Reynolds, L. Bumgarner, and W. Moar. (1995). Selection and Genetic Analysis of A heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Strain with High Levels of Resistance to Bacillus Thuringiensis toxins. Journal of Economic Entomology, 88(6) 1545-1559.
G5633	1995	Unspecified	USA	Gould, F., A. Anderson, A. Reynolds, L. Bumgarner, and W. Moar. (1995). Selection and Genetic Analysis of A heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Strain with High Levels of Resistance to Bacillus Thuringiensis toxins. Journal of Economic Entomology, 88(6) 1545-1559.
G5634	1995	Unspecified	USA	Gould, F., A. Anderson, A. Reynolds, L. Bumgarner, and W. Moar. (1995). Selection and Genetic Analysis of A heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Strain with High Levels of Resistance to Bacillus Thuringiensis toxins. Journal of Economic Entomology, 88(6) 1545-1559.
G5401	1992	Unspecified	USA	Gould, F., A. Martinez-Ramirez, A. Anderson, J. Ferre, F.J. Silva, and W.J. Moar. (1992). Broad-spectrum resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxins in heliothis virescens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, U.S.A., 89 7986-7990.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.