Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: spodoptera litura

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	mediterranean climbing cutworm	AG	Tobacco

Active Ingredient: methoxyfenozide

MOA: Ecdysone agonist / disruptor, Diacylhydrazines
Group: DAH	CAS #: 0	Shaugnessy Code: 0

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G20166	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Chengdu-- Jintang	Xuegui, Wang & Huang, Qian & Hao, Qiang & Ran, Shuang & Wu, Yaqiong & Cui, Peng & Yang, Jing & Jiang, Chunxian & Yang, Qunfang. (2018). Insecticide resistance and enhanced cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity in field populations of Spodoptera litura from Sichuan, China.. Crop Protection., 106 110-116.
G20165	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Suining-- Chuanshan	Xuegui, Wang & Huang, Qian & Hao, Qiang & Ran, Shuang & Wu, Yaqiong & Cui, Peng & Yang, Jing & Jiang, Chunxian & Yang, Qunfang. (2018). Insecticide resistance and enhanced cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity in field populations of Spodoptera litura from Sichuan, China.. Crop Protection., 106 110-116.
G20164	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Leshan-- Shizhong	Xuegui, Wang & Huang, Qian & Hao, Qiang & Ran, Shuang & Wu, Yaqiong & Cui, Peng & Yang, Jing & Jiang, Chunxian & Yang, Qunfang. (2018). Insecticide resistance and enhanced cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity in field populations of Spodoptera litura from Sichuan, China.. Crop Protection., 106 110-116.
G20162	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Meishan-- Dongpo	Xuegui, Wang & Huang, Qian & Hao, Qiang & Ran, Shuang & Wu, Yaqiong & Cui, Peng & Yang, Jing & Jiang, Chunxian & Yang, Qunfang. (2018). Insecticide resistance and enhanced cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity in field populations of Spodoptera litura from Sichuan, China.. Crop Protection., 106 110-116.
G20160	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Chengdu-- Shuangliu	Xuegui, Wang & Huang, Qian & Hao, Qiang & Ran, Shuang & Wu, Yaqiong & Cui, Peng & Yang, Jing & Jiang, Chunxian & Yang, Qunfang. (2018). Insecticide resistance and enhanced cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity in field populations of Spodoptera litura from Sichuan, China.. Crop Protection., 106 110-116.
G16191	2014	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Rehan, A., Freed, S. (2014). Resistance selection, mechanism and stability of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to methoxyfenozide. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 110 7-12.
G16192	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Rehan, A., Freed, S. (2014). Resistance selection, mechanism and stability of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to methoxyfenozide. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 110 7-12.
G15581	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Rehan, A., and Freed, S. (2014). Selection, mechanism, cross resistance and stability of spinosad resistance in Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Crop Protection, 56 10-15.
G15569	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Mianchanu	Rehan, A., and Freed, S. (2014). Selection, mechanism, cross resistance and stability of spinosad resistance in Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Crop Protection, 56 10-15.
G15567	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Mianchanu	Rehan, A., and Freed, S. (2014). Selection, mechanism, cross resistance and stability of spinosad resistance in Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Crop Protection, 56 10-15.
G18866	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Faisalabad	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18864	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18863	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Dunyapur	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18861	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Kahror Pacca	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18858	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Bahawalpur	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18865	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Faisalabad	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18862	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Dunyapur	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18860	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Kahror Pacca	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18859	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Bahawalpur	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G17347	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.
G17346	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.
G17345	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.
G17344	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.
G14426	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Multan	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G17343	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.
G14428	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Multan	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G14427	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Lodhran	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G17342	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Lahore	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.
G14432	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Multan	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G14431	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Lodhran	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G14430	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Rahimyar Khan	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G14429	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Lodhran	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G17341	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Khanewal	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.
G17340	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Kabirwala	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.
G17339	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Muzaffargarh	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.
G17338	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Lar	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.