Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: phyllonorycter blancardella

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	gracillariidae	spotted tentiform leafminer	AG	apple

Active Ingredient: azinphos-methyl

MOA: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors, Organophophates
Group: OP	CAS #: 86500	Shaugnessy Code: 58001

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G4233	1984	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina	Rock, G.C. (1984). Communication to FAO.
G4058	1982	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- New York	Weires, R. W., Leeper, J. R., Reissing, W. H. and Lienk, S. E. (1982). Toxicity of several insecticides to the spotted tentiform leafminer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and its parasite, Apanteles ornigis.. J. Econ. Entomol., 75 680-84.
G3856	1980	Field Evolved Resistance	Canada-- Ontario	Pree, D. J., Hagley, E. A. C., Simpson, C. M., and Hikichi, A. (1980). Resistance of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae) to organophosphorus insecticides in southern Ontario.. Can. Entomol., 112 469-74.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.