Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: trialeurodes vaporariorum

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
homoptera	aleyrodidae	greenhouse whitefly	AG	cucumber, tomato, ornamentals

Active Ingredient: imidacloprid

MOA: Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor agonists / antagonists, Neonicotinoids
Group: NICO	CAS #: 138261-41-3	Shaugnessy Code: 129099

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G16481	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Finland-- Ostrobothnia	Ovcarenko, I., Lindstrom, L., Saikkonen, K., and Vanninen, I. (2014). Variation in mortality among populations is higher for pymetrozine than for imidacloprid and spiromesifen in Trialeurodes vaporariorum in greenhouses in Finland. Pest Management Science.
G10535	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	United Kingdom	Karatolos, N., Denholm, I., Williamson, M., Nauen, R., and Gorman, K. (2010). Incidence and characterization of resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides and pymetrozine in the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Pest Management Science.
G10542	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	Spain	Karatolos, N., Denholm, I., Williamson, M., Nauen, R., and Gorman, K. (2010). Incidence and characterization of resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides and pymetrozine in the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Pest Management Science.
G10546	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	China	Karatolos, N., Denholm, I., Williamson, M., Nauen, R., and Gorman, K. (2010). Incidence and characterization of resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides and pymetrozine in the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Pest Management Science.
G10549	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	Germany	Karatolos, N., Denholm, I., Williamson, M., Nauen, R., and Gorman, K. (2010). Incidence and characterization of resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides and pymetrozine in the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Pest Management Science.
G15827	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Spain	Longhurst, C., Babcock, J., Denholm, I., Gorman, K., Thomas, J., and Sparks, T. (2013). Cross-resistance relationships of the sulfoximine insecticide sulfoxaflor with neonicotinoids and other insecticides in the whiteflies Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Pest Management Science, 69 809-813.
G15828	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Italy	Longhurst, C., Babcock, J., Denholm, I., Gorman, K., Thomas, J., and Sparks, T. (2013). Cross-resistance relationships of the sulfoximine insecticide sulfoxaflor with neonicotinoids and other insecticides in the whiteflies Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Pest Management Science, 69 809-813.
G15826	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	United Kingdom	Longhurst, C., Babcock, J., Denholm, I., Gorman, K., Thomas, J., and Sparks, T. (2013). Cross-resistance relationships of the sulfoximine insecticide sulfoxaflor with neonicotinoids and other insecticides in the whiteflies Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Pest Management Science, 69 809-813.
G13860	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Netherlands	Gorman, K., Devine, G., Bennison, J., Coussons, P., Punchard, N., and Denholm, I. (2007). Report of resistance to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid in Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Pest Management Science, 63 555-558.
G13864	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	France-- Brittany	Gorman, K., Devine, G., Bennison, J., Coussons, P., Punchard, N., and Denholm, I. (2007). Report of resistance to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid in Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Pest Management Science, 63 555-558.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.