Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: rhopalosiphum padi

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
homoptera	aphididae	oat aphid	AG	wheat

Active Ingredient: imidacloprid

MOA: Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor agonists / antagonists, Neonicotinoids
Group: NICO	CAS #: 138261-41-3	Shaugnessy Code: 129099

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G21409	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Zhoukou	Xu, Tianyang, Shuai Zhang, Yi Liu, Lan Ma, Xiaoqian Li, Yaxin Zhang, Yinjun Fan, DunLun Song, and Xiwu Gao. (2022). Slow resistance evolution to neonicotinoids in field populations of wheat aphids revealed by insecticide resistance monitoring in China. Pest Management Science, 78 1428-1437.
G21410	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Jiangsu	Xu, Tianyang, Shuai Zhang, Yi Liu, Lan Ma, Xiaoqian Li, Yaxin Zhang, Yinjun Fan, DunLun Song, and Xiwu Gao. (2022). Slow resistance evolution to neonicotinoids in field populations of wheat aphids revealed by insecticide resistance monitoring in China. Pest Management Science, 78 1428-1437.
G21411	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Zhuozhou	Xu, Tianyang, Shuai Zhang, Yi Liu, Lan Ma, Xiaoqian Li, Yaxin Zhang, Yinjun Fan, DunLun Song, and Xiwu Gao. (2022). Slow resistance evolution to neonicotinoids in field populations of wheat aphids revealed by insecticide resistance monitoring in China. Pest Management Science, 78 1428-1437.
G21412	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hebei	Xu, Tianyang, Shuai Zhang, Yi Liu, Lan Ma, Xiaoqian Li, Yaxin Zhang, Yinjun Fan, DunLun Song, and Xiwu Gao. (2022). Slow resistance evolution to neonicotinoids in field populations of wheat aphids revealed by insecticide resistance monitoring in China. Pest Management Science, 78 1428-1437.
G21413	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hubei	Xu, Tianyang, Shuai Zhang, Yi Liu, Lan Ma, Xiaoqian Li, Yaxin Zhang, Yinjun Fan, DunLun Song, and Xiwu Gao. (2022). Slow resistance evolution to neonicotinoids in field populations of wheat aphids revealed by insecticide resistance monitoring in China. Pest Management Science, 78 1428-1437.
G21416	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hubei	Xu, Tianyang, Shuai Zhang, Yi Liu, Lan Ma, Xiaoqian Li, Yaxin Zhang, Yinjun Fan, DunLun Song, and Xiwu Gao. (2022). Slow resistance evolution to neonicotinoids in field populations of wheat aphids revealed by insecticide resistance monitoring in China. Pest Management Science, 78 1428-1437.
G21417	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Anhui	Xu, Tianyang, Shuai Zhang, Yi Liu, Lan Ma, Xiaoqian Li, Yaxin Zhang, Yinjun Fan, DunLun Song, and Xiwu Gao. (2022). Slow resistance evolution to neonicotinoids in field populations of wheat aphids revealed by insecticide resistance monitoring in China. Pest Management Science, 78 1428-1437.
G21418	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Beijing	Xu, Tianyang, Shuai Zhang, Yi Liu, Lan Ma, Xiaoqian Li, Yaxin Zhang, Yinjun Fan, DunLun Song, and Xiwu Gao. (2022). Slow resistance evolution to neonicotinoids in field populations of wheat aphids revealed by insecticide resistance monitoring in China. Pest Management Science, 78 1428-1437.
G21552	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Beijing	Tianyang Xu, Shuai Zhang, Yi Liu, Lan Ma, Xiaoqian Li, Yaxin Zhang, Yinjun Fan, DunLun Songa and Xiwu Gao. (2021). Slow resistance evolution to neonicotinoids in field populations of wheat aphids revealed by insecticide resistance monitoring in China. Pest Management Science, 78 1428-1437.
G21551	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- hubei	Tianyang Xu, Shuai Zhang, Yi Liu, Lan Ma, Xiaoqian Li, Yaxin Zhang, Yinjun Fan, DunLun Songa and Xiwu Gao. (2021). Slow resistance evolution to neonicotinoids in field populations of wheat aphids revealed by insecticide resistance monitoring in China. Pest Management Science, 78 1428-1437.
G21550	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- HEBEI	Tianyang Xu, Shuai Zhang, Yi Liu, Lan Ma, Xiaoqian Li, Yaxin Zhang, Yinjun Fan, DunLun Songa and Xiwu Gao. (2021). Slow resistance evolution to neonicotinoids in field populations of wheat aphids revealed by insecticide resistance monitoring in China. Pest Management Science, 78 1428-1437.
G21549	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- HEBEI	Tianyang Xu, Shuai Zhang, Yi Liu, Lan Ma, Xiaoqian Li, Yaxin Zhang, Yinjun Fan, DunLun Songa and Xiwu Gao. (2021). Slow resistance evolution to neonicotinoids in field populations of wheat aphids revealed by insecticide resistance monitoring in China. Pest Management Science, 78 1428-1437.
G21548	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- JIANGSU	Tianyang Xu, Shuai Zhang, Yi Liu, Lan Ma, Xiaoqian Li, Yaxin Zhang, Yinjun Fan, DunLun Songa and Xiwu Gao. (2021). Slow resistance evolution to neonicotinoids in field populations of wheat aphids revealed by insecticide resistance monitoring in China. Pest Management Science, 78 1428-1437.
G21547	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- JiANGSU	Tianyang Xu, Shuai Zhang, Yi Liu, Lan Ma, Xiaoqian Li, Yaxin Zhang, Yinjun Fan, DunLun Songa and Xiwu Gao. (2021). Slow resistance evolution to neonicotinoids in field populations of wheat aphids revealed by insecticide resistance monitoring in China. Pest Management Science, 78 1428-1437.
G21546	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Henan	Tianyang Xu, Shuai Zhang, Yi Liu, Lan Ma, Xiaoqian Li, Yaxin Zhang, Yinjun Fan, DunLun Songa and Xiwu Gao. (2021). Slow resistance evolution to neonicotinoids in field populations of wheat aphids revealed by insecticide resistance monitoring in China. Pest Management Science, 78 1428-1437.
G21545	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Anhui	Tianyang Xu, Shuai Zhang, Yi Liu, Lan Ma, Xiaoqian Li, Yaxin Zhang, Yinjun Fan, DunLun Songa and Xiwu Gao. (2021). Slow resistance evolution to neonicotinoids in field populations of wheat aphids revealed by insecticide resistance monitoring in China. Pest Management Science, 78 1428-1437.
G20940	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region-- Hulun Buir	Gong P., Li X., Gao, H., Wang, C.,Li, M. , Zhang, Y.,Li, X.,Liu, E., and Zhu, X. (2021). Field evolved resistance to pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, organophosphates and macrolides in Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) and Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) from China. Chemosphere, 269.
G20939	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shaaxi-- Yangling	Gong P., Li X., Gao, H., Wang, C.,Li, M. , Zhang, Y.,Li, X.,Liu, E., and Zhu, X. (2021). Field evolved resistance to pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, organophosphates and macrolides in Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) and Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) from China. Chemosphere, 269.
G20938	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region-- Hulun Buir	Gong P., Li X., Gao, H., Wang, C.,Li, M. , Zhang, Y.,Li, X.,Liu, E., and Zhu, X. (2021). Field evolved resistance to pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, organophosphates and macrolides in Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) and Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) from China. Chemosphere, 269.
G20937	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Mongolia Autonomous Region-- Bayan Nur	Gong P., Li X., Gao, H., Wang, C.,Li, M. , Zhang, Y.,Li, X.,Liu, E., and Zhu, X. (2021). Field evolved resistance to pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, organophosphates and macrolides in Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) and Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) from China. Chemosphere, 269.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.