Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: rhipicephalus microplus

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
acari	ixodidae	southern/tropical cattle tick	MED	cattle

Active Ingredient: flumethrin

MOA: Sodium channel modulators, Pyrethroids, Pyrethrins, DDT
Group: PYR	CAS #: 0	Shaugnessy Code: 0

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G16902	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Mato Grosso do Sul	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16901	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16900	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Espirito Santo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16899	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16898	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16897	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16896	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16835	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Argentina-- Corrientes-- Santo Tome	Cutulle, C., Lovis, L., D'Agostino, B. I., Balbiani, G. G., Morici, G., Citroni, D., Reggi, J., and Caracostantogolo, J. L. (2013). In vitro diagnosis of the first case of amitraz resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus in Santo Tome (Corrientes), Argentina. Veterinary Parasitology, 192 296-300.
G16807	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Argentina-- Corrientes-- Santo Tome	Lovis, L., Reggi, J., Berggoetz, M., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Determination of Acaricide Resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Field Populations of Argentina, South Africa, and Australia with the Larval Tarsal Test. Journal of Medical Entomology, 50(2) 326-335.
G16804	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Argentina-- Corrientes-- Santo Tome	Lovis, L., Reggi, J., Berggoetz, M., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Determination of Acaricide Resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Field Populations of Argentina, South Africa, and Australia with the Larval Tarsal Test. Journal of Medical Entomology, 50(2) 326-335.
G16903	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Mato Grosso do Sul	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16904	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Mato Grosso do Sul	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16906	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Rio Grande do Sul	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16907	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16908	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Rio Grande do Sul	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16905	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Parana	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16800	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Veracruz-- Martinez de la Torre	Fernandez-Salas, A., Rodriguez-Vivas, R. I., and Alonso-Diaz, M. A. (2012). First report of a Rhipicephalus microplus tick population multi-resistant to acaricides and ivermectin in the Mexican tropics. Veterinary Parasitology, 183 338-342.
G16809	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	South Africa-- Mpumalanga-- Hluvukani	Lovis, L., Reggi, J., Berggoetz, M., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Determination of Acaricide Resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Field Populations of Argentina, South Africa, and Australia with the Larval Tarsal Test. Journal of Medical Entomology, 50(2) 326-335.
G16811	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Australia-- Queensland-- Curra	Lovis, L., Reggi, J., Berggoetz, M., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Determination of Acaricide Resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Field Populations of Argentina, South Africa, and Australia with the Larval Tarsal Test. Journal of Medical Entomology, 50(2) 326-335.
G16812	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Australia-- Queensland-- Mount-Urah	Lovis, L., Reggi, J., Berggoetz, M., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Determination of Acaricide Resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Field Populations of Argentina, South Africa, and Australia with the Larval Tarsal Test. Journal of Medical Entomology, 50(2) 326-335.
G7372	2005	Unspecified	Mexico-- Yucatan	Rosario-Cruz, R., Guerrero, F.D., Miller, R.J., Rodriguez-Vivas, R.I., Dominguez-Garcia, D.I., Cornel, A.J., Hernandez-Ortiz, R., George, J.E. (2005). Roles Played by Esterase Activity and by a Sodium Channel Mutation Involved in Pyrethroid Resistance in Populations of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected from Yucatan, Mexico. Journal of Medical Entomology, 42(6) 1020-1025.
G7373	2005	Unspecified	Mexico-- Yucatan	Rosario-Cruz, R., Guerrero, F.D., Miller, R.J., Rodriguez-Vivas, R.I., Dominguez-Garcia, D.I., Cornel, A.J., Hernandez-Ortiz, R., George, J.E. (2005). Roles Played by Esterase Activity and by a Sodium Channel Mutation Involved in Pyrethroid Resistance in Populations of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected from Yucatan, Mexico. Journal of Medical Entomology, 42(6) 1020-1025.
G7371	2005	Unspecified	Mexico-- Yucatan	Rosario-Cruz, R., Guerrero, F.D., Miller, R.J., Rodriguez-Vivas, R.I., Dominguez-Garcia, D.I., Cornel, A.J., Hernandez-Ortiz, R., George, J.E. (2005). Roles Played by Esterase Activity and by a Sodium Channel Mutation Involved in Pyrethroid Resistance in Populations of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected from Yucatan, Mexico. Journal of Medical Entomology, 42(6) 1020-1025.
G7370	2005	Unspecified	Mexico-- Yucatan	Rosario-Cruz, R., Guerrero, F.D., Miller, R.J., Rodriguez-Vivas, R.I., Dominguez-Garcia, D.I., Cornel, A.J., Hernandez-Ortiz, R., George, J.E. (2005). Roles Played by Esterase Activity and by a Sodium Channel Mutation Involved in Pyrethroid Resistance in Populations of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected from Yucatan, Mexico. Journal of Medical Entomology, 42(6) 1020-1025.
G7369	2005	Unspecified	Mexico-- Yucatan	Rosario-Cruz, R., Guerrero, F.D., Miller, R.J., Rodriguez-Vivas, R.I., Dominguez-Garcia, D.I., Cornel, A.J., Hernandez-Ortiz, R., George, J.E. (2005). Roles Played by Esterase Activity and by a Sodium Channel Mutation Involved in Pyrethroid Resistance in Populations of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected from Yucatan, Mexico. Journal of Medical Entomology, 42(6) 1020-1025.
G7368	2005	Unspecified	Mexico-- Yucatan	Rosario-Cruz, R., Guerrero, F.D., Miller, R.J., Rodriguez-Vivas, R.I., Dominguez-Garcia, D.I., Cornel, A.J., Hernandez-Ortiz, R., George, J.E. (2005). Roles Played by Esterase Activity and by a Sodium Channel Mutation Involved in Pyrethroid Resistance in Populations of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected from Yucatan, Mexico. Journal of Medical Entomology, 42(6) 1020-1025.
G7367	2005	Unspecified	Mexico-- Yucatan	Rosario-Cruz, R., Guerrero, F.D., Miller, R.J., Rodriguez-Vivas, R.I., Dominguez-Garcia, D.I., Cornel, A.J., Hernandez-Ortiz, R., George, J.E. (2005). Roles Played by Esterase Activity and by a Sodium Channel Mutation Involved in Pyrethroid Resistance in Populations of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected from Yucatan, Mexico. Journal of Medical Entomology, 42(6) 1020-1025.
G9944	2003	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Mexico-- Tamaulipas	Tapia-Perez, G., Garcia-Vazquez, Z., Montaldo, H., George, J. (2003). Inheritance of resistance to flumethrin in theMexican Aldama strain of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 31 135-149.
G17051	2002	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Tabasco-- Emiliano Zapata	Cespedes, N.S., Vargas, M.S., Sanchez, H.F., and Vazquez, Z.G. (2002). First Case reported of Amitraz resistance in the cattle tick Boophilus microplus in Mexico. Tecnica Pecuaria en Mexico, 40(1) 81-92.
G17047	2002	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Tabasco-- Emiliano Zapata	Cespedes, N.S., Vargas, M.S., Sanchez, H.F., and Vazquez, Z.G. (2002). First Case reported of Amitraz resistance in the cattle tick Boophilus microplus in Mexico. Tecnica Pecuaria en Mexico, 40(1) 81-92.
G6334	1999	Unspecified	Mexico-- Veracruz-- Coatzacoalcos	Miller, R.J., R.B. Davey, and J.E. George. (1999). Characterization of Pyrethroid Resistance and Susceptibility to Coumaphos in Mexican Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae).. Journal of Medical Entomolgoy, (36)5 533-538.
G6333	1999	Unspecified	Mexico-- Tamaulipas-- Sota la Marina	Miller, R.J., R.B. Davey, and J.E. George. (1999). Characterization of Pyrethroid Resistance and Susceptibility to Coumaphos in Mexican Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae).. Journal of Medical Entomolgoy, (36)5 533-538.
G6332	1999	Unspecified	Mexico-- Colima	Miller, R.J., R.B. Davey, and J.E. George. (1999). Characterization of Pyrethroid Resistance and Susceptibility to Coumaphos in Mexican Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae).. Journal of Medical Entomolgoy, (36)5 533-538.
G9751	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Yucatan	Rosario-Cruz, R., Guerrero, F.D., Miller, R.J., Rodriguez-Vivas, R.I., Tijerina, M., Dominguez-Garcia, D.I., Hernandez-Ortiz, R., Cornel, A.J., McAbee, R.D., Alonso-Diaz, M.A. (2009). Molecular survey of pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in Mexican field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Parasitology Resistance, 105 1145-1153.
G9746	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Yucatan	Rosario-Cruz, R., Guerrero, F.D., Miller, R.J., Rodriguez-Vivas, R.I., Tijerina, M., Dominguez-Garcia, D.I., Hernandez-Ortiz, R., Cornel, A.J., McAbee, R.D., Alonso-Diaz, M.A. (2009). Molecular survey of pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in Mexican field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Parasitology Resistance, 105 1145-1153.
G9743	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Yucatan	Rosario-Cruz, R., Guerrero, F.D., Miller, R.J., Rodriguez-Vivas, R.I., Tijerina, M., Dominguez-Garcia, D.I., Hernandez-Ortiz, R., Cornel, A.J., McAbee, R.D., Alonso-Diaz, M.A. (2009). Molecular survey of pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in Mexican field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Parasitology Resistance, 105 1145-1153.
G9740	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Yucatan	Rosario-Cruz, R., Guerrero, F.D., Miller, R.J., Rodriguez-Vivas, R.I., Tijerina, M., Dominguez-Garcia, D.I., Hernandez-Ortiz, R., Cornel, A.J., McAbee, R.D., Alonso-Diaz, M.A. (2009). Molecular survey of pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in Mexican field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Parasitology Resistance, 105 1145-1153.
G9735	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Yucatan	Rosario-Cruz, R., Guerrero, F.D., Miller, R.J., Rodriguez-Vivas, R.I., Tijerina, M., Dominguez-Garcia, D.I., Hernandez-Ortiz, R., Cornel, A.J., McAbee, R.D., Alonso-Diaz, M.A. (2009). Molecular survey of pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in Mexican field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Parasitology Resistance, 105 1145-1153.
G9732	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Yucatan	Rosario-Cruz, R., Guerrero, F.D., Miller, R.J., Rodriguez-Vivas, R.I., Tijerina, M., Dominguez-Garcia, D.I., Hernandez-Ortiz, R., Cornel, A.J., McAbee, R.D., Alonso-Diaz, M.A. (2009). Molecular survey of pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in Mexican field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Parasitology Resistance, 105 1145-1153.
G17039	1989	Field Evolved Resistance	Australia-- Queensland	Nolan, J., Wilson, J.T., Green, P.E. and Bird, P.E. (1989). Synthetic pyrethroid resistance in field samples in the cattle tick (Boophilus microplus). Australian Veterinary Journal, 66(6) 179-182.
G17040	1989	Field Evolved Resistance	Australia-- Queensland	Nolan, J., Wilson, J.T., Green, P.E. and Bird, P.E. (1989). Synthetic pyrethroid resistance in field samples in the cattle tick (Boophilus microplus). Australian Veterinary Journal, 66(6) 179-182.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.