Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: rhipicephalus microplus

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
acari	ixodidae	southern/tropical cattle tick	MED	cattle

Active Ingredient: fipronil

MOA: GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, Phenylpyrazoles (Fiproles)
Group: PYZ	CAS #: 120068-37-3	Shaugnessy Code: 129121

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G16939	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Rio Grande do Sul	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16938	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16937	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Parana	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16936	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Mato Grosso do Sul	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16935	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Espirito Santo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16934	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G16933	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Lovis, L., Mendes, M.C., Perret, J.-L., Martins, J.R., Bouvier, J., Betschart, B., and Sager, H. (2013). Use of the Larval Tarsal Test to determine acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Brazilian field populations. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 323-331.
G14574	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	Uruguay	Castro-Janer, E., Rifran, L., Gonzalez, P., Piaggio, J., Gil, A., and Shumaker, T.T.S. (2010). Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) resistance to fipronil in Uruguay evaluated by in vitro bioassays. Veterinary Parasitology, 169 172-177.
G16980	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Rio Grande do Sul	Castro-Janer, E., Martins, J.R., Mendes, M.C., Namindome, A., Klafke, G.M., and Schumaker, T.T.S. (2010). Diagnoses of fipronil resistance in Brazilian cattle ticks (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus) using in vitro larval bioassays. Veterinary Parasitology, 173 300-306.
G16978	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Castro-Janer, E., Martins, J.R., Mendes, M.C., Namindome, A., Klafke, G.M., and Schumaker, T.T.S. (2010). Diagnoses of fipronil resistance in Brazilian cattle ticks (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus) using in vitro larval bioassays. Veterinary Parasitology, 173 300-306.
G16974	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Sao Paulo	Castro-Janer, E., Martins, J.R., Mendes, M.C., Namindome, A., Klafke, G.M., and Schumaker, T.T.S. (2010). Diagnoses of fipronil resistance in Brazilian cattle ticks (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus) using in vitro larval bioassays. Veterinary Parasitology, 173 300-306.
G16972	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	Brazil-- Rio Grande do Sul	Castro-Janer, E., Martins, J.R., Mendes, M.C., Namindome, A., Klafke, G.M., and Schumaker, T.T.S. (2010). Diagnoses of fipronil resistance in Brazilian cattle ticks (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus) using in vitro larval bioassays. Veterinary Parasitology, 173 300-306.
G14690	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	Uruguay-- Paysandu	Castro-Janer, E., Rifran, L., Gonzalez, P., Niell, C., Piaggio, J., Gil, A., and Schumaker, T. T. S. (2011). Determination of the susceptibility of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) to ivermectin and fipronil by larval immersion test (LIT) in Uruguay. Veterinary Parasitology, 178 148-155.
G14689	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	Uruguay-- Paysandu	Castro-Janer, E., Rifran, L., Gonzalez, P., Niell, C., Piaggio, J., Gil, A., and Schumaker, T. T. S. (2011). Determination of the susceptibility of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) to ivermectin and fipronil by larval immersion test (LIT) in Uruguay. Veterinary Parasitology, 178 148-155.
G14688	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	Uruguay-- Paysandu	Castro-Janer, E., Rifran, L., Gonzalez, P., Niell, C., Piaggio, J., Gil, A., and Schumaker, T. T. S. (2011). Determination of the susceptibility of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) to ivermectin and fipronil by larval immersion test (LIT) in Uruguay. Veterinary Parasitology, 178 148-155.
G14576	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	Uruguay	Castro-Janer, E., Rifran, L., Gonzalez, P., Piaggio, J., Gil, A., and Shumaker, T.T.S. (2010). Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) resistance to fipronil in Uruguay evaluated by in vitro bioassays. Veterinary Parasitology, 169 172-177.
G14575	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	Uruguay	Castro-Janer, E., Rifran, L., Gonzalez, P., Piaggio, J., Gil, A., and Shumaker, T.T.S. (2010). Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) resistance to fipronil in Uruguay evaluated by in vitro bioassays. Veterinary Parasitology, 169 172-177.
G14573	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	Uruguay	Castro-Janer, E., Rifran, L., Gonzalez, P., Piaggio, J., Gil, A., and Shumaker, T.T.S. (2010). Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) resistance to fipronil in Uruguay evaluated by in vitro bioassays. Veterinary Parasitology, 169 172-177.
G16837	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	Uruguay-- Paysandu-- IRA	Castro-Janer, E., Rifran, L., Gonzalez, P., Piaggio, J., Gil, A., and Shumaker, T.T.S. (2010). Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) resistance to fipronil in Uruguay evaluated by in vitro bioassays. Veterinary Parasitology, 169 172-177.
G16836	2010	Field Evolved Resistance	Uruguay-- Paysandu	Castro-Janer, E., Rifran, L., Gonzalex, P., Piaggio, J., Gil, A., and Schumaker, T.T.S. (2010). Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) resistance to fipronil in Uruguay evaluated by in vitro bioassays. Veterinary Parasitology, 169 172-177.
G16871	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Tamaulipas-- Soto la Marina	Miller, R. J., Almazan, C., Ortiz-Estrada, M., Davey, R. B., George, J. E., and Perez De Leon, A. (2013). First report of fipronil resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus of Mexico. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 97-101.
G16872	2013	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Mexico-- Tamaulipas-- Soto la Marina	Miller, R. J., Almazan, C., Ortiz-Estrada, M., Davey, R. B., George, J. E., and Perez De Leon, A. (2013). First report of fipronil resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus of Mexico. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 97-101.
G16866	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Tamaulipas-- Soto la Marina	Miller, R. J., Almazan, C., Ortiz-Estrada, M., Davey, R. B., George, J. E., and Perez De Leon, A. (2013). First report of fipronil resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus of Mexico. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 97-101.
G16863	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Tamaulipas-- Victoria	Miller, R. J., Almazan, C., Ortiz-Estrada, M., Davey, R. B., George, J. E., and Perez De Leon, A. (2013). First report of fipronil resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus of Mexico. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 97-101.
G16861	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	Mexico-- Tamaulipas-- Victoria	Miller, R. J., Almazan, C., Ortiz-Estrada, M., Davey, R. B., George, J. E., and Perez De Leon, A. (2013). First report of fipronil resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus of Mexico. Veterinary Parasitology, 191 97-101.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.