Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: musca domestica

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
diptera	muscidae	house fly	MED

Active Ingredient: fipronil

MOA: GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, Phenylpyrazoles (Fiproles)
Group: PYZ	CAS #: 120068-37-3	Shaugnessy Code: 129121

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G17951	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Bhakar	Abbas, N., Shad, S., and Ismail, M. (2015). Resistance to Conventional and New Insecticides in House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) From Poultry Facilities in Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 1-8.
G19192	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Abbas, N., Ijaz, M., Shad, S., and Binyameen, M. (2016). Assessment of resistance risk to fipronil and cross resistance to other insecticides in the Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Veterinary Parasitology, 223 71-76.
G19193	2016	Lab selected*	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Abbas, N., Ijaz, M., Shad, S., and Binyameen, M. (2016). Assessment of resistance risk to fipronil and cross resistance to other insecticides in the Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Veterinary Parasitology, 223 71-76.
G16074	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan (near)	Abbas, N., Azhar, H., Khan, A., Ali Shad, S. (2014). Cross-resistance, genetics, and realized heritability of resistance to fipronil in the house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae): a potential vector for disease transmission. Parasitology Research, 113 1343-1352.
G16075	2014	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan (near)	Abbas, N., Azhar, H., Khan, A., Ali Shad, S. (2014). Cross-resistance, genetics, and realized heritability of resistance to fipronil in the house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae): a potential vector for disease transmission. Parasitology Research, 113 1343-1352.
G7227	2004	Unspecified	Denmark	Kristensen, M., J.B. Jespersen, and M. Knorr. (2004). Cross-resistance potential of fipronil in Musca domestica. Pest Management Science, 60 894-900.
G6464	2000	Unspecified	USA-- Alabama	Liu, N. and X. Yue. (2000). Insecticide resistance and cross-resistance in the house fly (Diptera: Muscidae). J. Econ. Entomol., 93(4) 1269-1275.
G5979	2003	Unspecified	USA-- New York	Shono, T., and J.G. Scott. (2003). Spinosad resistance in the housefly, Musca domestica, is due to a recessive factor on autosome 1. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 75(1) 1-7.
G5836	1997	Unspecified	USA	Scott, J.G. and Z. Wen. (1997). Toxicity of Fipronil to Susceptible and resistant strains of German Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) and House flies (Diptera: Muscidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 90(5) 1152-1156.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.