Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: spodoptera litura

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	mediterranean climbing cutworm	AG	Tobacco

Active Ingredient: endosulfan

MOA: GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, Cyclodiene organochlorines
Group: CYCLO	CAS #: 115297	Shaugnessy Code: 79401

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G20263	2019	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Guangdong Province-- Huizhou	Wang X., Lou, L., and Su J. (2019). Prevalence and stability of insecticide resistances in field population of T Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 22 728-732.
G8680	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan	Saleem, M. A., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, M., Aslam, M., and Sayyed, A. H. (2008). Resistance to Selected Organochlorin, Organophosphate, Carbamate and Pyrethroid, in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 1667-1675.
G8681	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan	Saleem, M. A., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, M., Aslam, M., and Sayyed, A. H. (2008). Resistance to Selected Organochlorin, Organophosphate, Carbamate and Pyrethroid, in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 1667-1675.
G8678	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan	Saleem, M. A., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, M., Aslam, M., and Sayyed, A. H. (2008). Resistance to Selected Organochlorin, Organophosphate, Carbamate and Pyrethroid, in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 1667-1675.
G8683	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan	Saleem, M. A., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, M., Aslam, M., and Sayyed, A. H. (2008). Resistance to Selected Organochlorin, Organophosphate, Carbamate and Pyrethroid, in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 1667-1675.
G8685	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan	Saleem, M. A., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, M., Aslam, M., and Sayyed, A. H. (2008). Resistance to Selected Organochlorin, Organophosphate, Carbamate and Pyrethroid, in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 1667-1675.
G8686	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan	Saleem, M. A., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, M., Aslam, M., and Sayyed, A. H. (2008). Resistance to Selected Organochlorin, Organophosphate, Carbamate and Pyrethroid, in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 1667-1675.
G8078	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, Mushtaq, Arif, M. Iqbal, and Ahmad, Munir. (2007). Occurrence of insecticide resistance in field populations of Spodoptera liturra (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 26 809-817.
G8077	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, Mushtaq, Arif, M. Iqbal, and Ahmad, Munir. (2007). Occurrence of insecticide resistance in field populations of Spodoptera liturra (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 26 809-817.
G8074	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, Mushtaq, Arif, M. Iqbal, and Ahmad, Munir. (2007). Occurrence of insecticide resistance in field populations of Spodoptera liturra (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 26 809-817.
G8075	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, Mushtaq, Arif, M. Iqbal, and Ahmad, Munir. (2007). Occurrence of insecticide resistance in field populations of Spodoptera liturra (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 26 809-817.
G8076	2007	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, Mushtaq, Arif, M. Iqbal, and Ahmad, Munir. (2007). Occurrence of insecticide resistance in field populations of Spodoptera liturra (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 26 809-817.
G8687	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan	Saleem, M. A., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, M., Aslam, M., and Sayyed, A. H. (2008). Resistance to Selected Organochlorin, Organophosphate, Carbamate and Pyrethroid, in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 1667-1675.
G8689	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan	Saleem, M. A., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, M., Aslam, M., and Sayyed, A. H. (2008). Resistance to Selected Organochlorin, Organophosphate, Carbamate and Pyrethroid, in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 1667-1675.
G10005	2007	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, M., Sayyed, A.H., Crickmore, N., Saleem, M.A. (2007). Genetics and mechanism of resistance to deltamethrin in a field population of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pest Management Science, 63 1002-1010.
G8684	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan	Saleem, M. A., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, M., Aslam, M., and Sayyed, A. H. (2008). Resistance to Selected Organochlorin, Organophosphate, Carbamate and Pyrethroid, in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 1667-1675.
G8682	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan	Saleem, M. A., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, M., Aslam, M., and Sayyed, A. H. (2008). Resistance to Selected Organochlorin, Organophosphate, Carbamate and Pyrethroid, in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 1667-1675.
G8690	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan	Saleem, M. A., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, M., Aslam, M., and Sayyed, A. H. (2008). Resistance to Selected Organochlorin, Organophosphate, Carbamate and Pyrethroid, in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 1667-1675.
G8677	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan	Saleem, M. A., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, M., Aslam, M., and Sayyed, A. H. (2008). Resistance to Selected Organochlorin, Organophosphate, Carbamate and Pyrethroid, in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 1667-1675.
G8676	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan	Saleem, M. A., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, M., Aslam, M., and Sayyed, A. H. (2008). Resistance to Selected Organochlorin, Organophosphate, Carbamate and Pyrethroid, in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 1667-1675.
G8675	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan	Saleem, M. A., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, M., Aslam, M., and Sayyed, A. H. (2008). Resistance to Selected Organochlorin, Organophosphate, Carbamate and Pyrethroid, in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 1667-1675.
G8679	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan	Saleem, M. A., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, M., Aslam, M., and Sayyed, A. H. (2008). Resistance to Selected Organochlorin, Organophosphate, Carbamate and Pyrethroid, in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 1667-1675.
G8674	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan	Saleem, M. A., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, M., Aslam, M., and Sayyed, A. H. (2008). Resistance to Selected Organochlorin, Organophosphate, Carbamate and Pyrethroid, in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 1667-1675.
G8673	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan	Saleem, M. A., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, M., Aslam, M., and Sayyed, A. H. (2008). Resistance to Selected Organochlorin, Organophosphate, Carbamate and Pyrethroid, in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 1667-1675.
G8688	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan	Saleem, M. A., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, M., Aslam, M., and Sayyed, A. H. (2008). Resistance to Selected Organochlorin, Organophosphate, Carbamate and Pyrethroid, in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 1667-1675.
G6083	2002	Unspecified	India-- Punjab-- Bhatinda	Kranthi, K.R., D.R. Jadhav, S. Kranthi, R.R. Wanjari, S.S. Ali, and D.A. Russell. (2002). Insecticide resistance in five major insect pests of cotton in India.. Crop Protection, 21 449-460.
G6082	2002	Unspecified	India-- Andhra Pradesh-- Khammam	Kranthi, K.R., D.R. Jadhav, S. Kranthi, R.R. Wanjari, S.S. Ali, and D.A. Russell. (2002). Insecticide resistance in five major insect pests of cotton in India.. Crop Protection, 21 449-460.
G6081	2002	Unspecified	India-- Mahbubnagar	Kranthi, K.R., D.R. Jadhav, S. Kranthi, R.R. Wanjari, S.S. Ali, and D.A. Russell. (2002). Insecticide resistance in five major insect pests of cotton in India.. Crop Protection, 21 449-460.
G6080	2002	Unspecified	India-- Andhra Pradesh-- Karimnagar	Kranthi, K.R., D.R. Jadhav, S. Kranthi, R.R. Wanjari, S.S. Ali, and D.A. Russell. (2002). Insecticide resistance in five major insect pests of cotton in India.. Crop Protection, 21 449-460.
G5853	1997	Unspecified	India	Armes, N.J., J.A. Wightman, D.R. Jadhav, and G.V.R. Rao. (1997). Status of Insecticide resistance in spodoptera litura in andra pradesh india.. pesticide science, 50 240-248.
G4225	1984	Field Evolved Resistance	India	Ramakrishnan, J., Saxena, V. S. and Dhingra, S. (1984). Insecticide resistance in the population of Spodoptera litura in Andhra Pradesh, India.. Pesticides (Bombay), 18 23-27.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.