Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: phenacoccus solenopsis

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
homoptera	pseudococcidae	cotton mealybug	AG	cotton, ornamentals, vegetable crops

Active Ingredient: emamectin benzoate

MOA: Chloride channel activators, Avermectins, Milbemycins
Group: ABM	CAS #: 137512-74-4	Shaugnessy Code: 122806

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G21599	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- multan	Afzal, M. B. S., Riaz, M., Shad, S. A.,vand Ijaz, M. (2022). Assessing the resistance risk to emamectin benzoate in Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): Selection, cross-resistance dynamics and estimates of realized heritability. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 102002.
G21600	2022	Lab selected*	Pakistan-- multan	Afzal, M. B. S., Riaz, M., Shad, S. A.,vand Ijaz, M. (2022). Assessing the resistance risk to emamectin benzoate in Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): Selection, cross-resistance dynamics and estimates of realized heritability. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 102002.
G21602	2022	Lab selected* Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- multan	Afzal, M. B. S., Riaz, M., Shad, S. A.,vand Ijaz, M. (2022). Assessing the resistance risk to emamectin benzoate in Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): Selection, cross-resistance dynamics and estimates of realized heritability. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 102002.
G22068	2022	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Pakistan-- Multan	Afzal, Muhammad & Riaz, Muhammad & Shad, Sarfraz & Ijaz, Mamuna. (2022). Assessing the resistance risk to emamectin benzoate in Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): Selection, cross-resistance dynamics and estimates of realized heritability.. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology., 25.
G19194	2016	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Afzal, M., and Shad, S. (2016). Characterization of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Homoptera: Pseudoccoccidae) Resistance to Emamectin Benzoate: Cross-Resistance Patterns and Fitness Cost Analysis. Neotropical Entomology, 45 310-319.
G17163	2015	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Pakistan-- Multan	Shahzad Afzal, M. B., and Ali Shad, S. (2015). Resistance inheritance and mechanism to emamectin benzoate in Phenacoccus solenopsis (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Crop Protection, 71 60-65.
G17164	2015	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Pakistan-- Multan	Shahzad Afzal, M. B., and Ali Shad, S. (2015). Resistance inheritance and mechanism to emamectin benzoate in Phenacoccus solenopsis (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Crop Protection, 71 60-65.
G17904	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Mailsi	Saddiq, B., Shad, S., Aslam, M., Ijaz, M., and Abbas, N. (2015). Monitoring resistance of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) to new chemical insecticides in Punjab, Pakistan. Crop Protection, 74 24-29.
G17905	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Bahawalpur	Saddiq, B., Shad, S., Aslam, M., Ijaz, M., and Abbas, N. (2015). Monitoring resistance of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) to new chemical insecticides in Punjab, Pakistan. Crop Protection, 74 24-29.
G17901	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Saddiq, B., Shad, S., Aslam, M., Ijaz, M., and Abbas, N. (2015). Monitoring resistance of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) to new chemical insecticides in Punjab, Pakistan. Crop Protection, 74 24-29.
G17902	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Khanewal	Saddiq, B., Shad, S., Aslam, M., Ijaz, M., and Abbas, N. (2015). Monitoring resistance of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) to new chemical insecticides in Punjab, Pakistan. Crop Protection, 74 24-29.
G17903	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Muzaffar Garh	Saddiq, B., Shad, S., Aslam, M., Ijaz, M., and Abbas, N. (2015). Monitoring resistance of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) to new chemical insecticides in Punjab, Pakistan. Crop Protection, 74 24-29.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.